~1~ شائد دهيمض مدارس اجلسيرة. Part. English اعداد: نصخة شاملة ألشئلة الوزارة و متارين الكتاب

Transcription

1 ~1~ مدارس اجلسيرة Part English اعداد: شائد دهيمض نصخة شاملة ألشئلة الوزارة و متارين الكتاب

2 ~2~ Verbs followed by Gerunds or Infinitives 1- Verbs + ing سز زغ enjoy,ال ذت don't like,ال ذت, dislike فكش, consider زج ت - avoid ذت love, ع, spend مزشح, suggest بسط - finish, practise Correct the verbs: 1- Some parents avoid (deal) with their children violently. 2- Ibrahim spent much time (surf) the net every day. 3- He suggested (stay) in the house rather than going sightseeing. 2- Verbs + to + inf, افك - agree, سبل ask خطػ, plan خزبس, choose ذب ل attempt, مشس - decide, سى, forget ز لغ expect, أيم hope س طش manage, ؼشض - offer, جذ, seem ػذ promise, ش ذ want مذس be able to زذ م - afford Correct the verbs: 1- I agree (attend) some courses to improve my English language. 2- What did you attempt (do) when you left school? 3- Verbs + to + Inf. Or verbs + ing جكؼح ضطرغ ذ (to) أ ذ (ing) د كشم ذح ؼ ٠ ٣ لن, prefer ٣ كد, like ١ ٣, intend ٣ ش, hate ٣ غط ش, continue ٣ رذأ - begin ٣ كد, love ٣ رذأ - Start 1- George began (prepare) for his exams. 2- Farida hates (contribute) in long competitions.

3 ~3~ Prefer Prefer to do..prefer doing Would prefer to Prefer + to / ing Would prefer to A permanent fact A preference for the immediate future, conditional 1- Read the following two sentences: a- I prefer to fictional novels. b- I would prefer to read autobiography today. Which sentence shows a preference for the immediate future conditional? 2- Read the following two sentences: a- I would prefer to talk to people. b- I prefer talking to people on social occasions. Which sentence shows a permanent fact. 3- Read the following two sentences: a- My friend would prefer to go on a trip this week. b- My friend prefers to go on trips. What is the difference between the two sentences? 4- Verbs + to + ؿشد Or verbs + ing أكؼح ضطرغ ذ (to) أ ذ (ing) يغ فشق ذح ؼ ٠ ٣ غ ٠, forget ٣ كح ٣ طز ش, try, remember ٣ ط هق - stop stop a- I stopped to buy a newspaper. (= interrupt and activity in order to do something else) b- I stopped buying a newspaper. (= you are doing something and interrupt this activity)

4 ~4~ remember a- I remember playing in the park when I was young. (Remember that you did something earlier). b- You must remember to return that book to the library. (You remember that you have to do something later). Examples: 1- I remember (be) here before but I don't know when it was. 2- I remembered (turn) off the TV but I forgot to water the plants. try a- You should try reading a work of fiction because you might find it interesting. (try + ing = experiment) b- I tried to finish the book during my holiday but it was too long. (try + to + ؿشد = attempt, make effort ) Examples: 1- Liza tried (pass) the exam, but she failed. 2- This t-shirt is with long sleeves. Please, try (wear) it.

5 ~5~ A: Correct the verb: املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض Test yourself 1- Fatima dislikes (be) with children very much. 2- Rakan enjoyed (learn) Arabic at school. 3-I suggested (wait) for a bus but they wanted to walk. 4- He is hoping (study) medicine. 5- Try (be) quiet, please. 6- The car has run out of fuel. We should stop (fill) it with fuel. 7- I tried (change) the filter but it didn't work. B: Correct the verb: 1- I'm considering (download) e-books from the internet. 2- We wanted (play) tennis, but it was rainy. 3-When I was younger, I loved (ride) my bike. 4- You must remember (return) that book to the library. 5- He had a heart attack. He should stop (smoke) soon. 6- The lift sopped between floors so I tried (press)the red button to call for help. C: Correct the verb: 1- I'll be able (take) more books with me to study. 2- I stopped (run) because I was out of breath. 3- Stop (cry) and tell me what's the matter. 4- I tried (run) faster but I was too tired. 5- If you can't reach me by , try (call) me. 6- I must remember (phone) my parents. D: Write the difference: A- Tom tried to arrive to school early but he made accident. B- Tom tried adding salt to the salad but it tasted bad.

6 ~6~ Noun suffixes االشتمبلبد Derivations Verb suffixes suffix examples of nouns suffix examples of verbs -ate complicate, dominate, irritate -age baggage, village -al arrival, burial -en harden, soften, shorten -ance/-ence reliance, defence, insistence -ify beautify, clarify, identify -dom boredom, freedom, kingdom economise, realise, -ee employee, payee, trainee industrialize (-ise is most -er/-or driver, writer, director -ise/-ize common in British English; - -hood brotherhood, childhood, neighbourhood ize is most common in -ism capitalism, Marxism, socialism (philosophies) American English) -ist capitalist, Marxist, socialist (followers of philosophies) -ity/-ty brutality, equality, cruelty -ment amazement, disappointment, parliament -ness happiness, kindness, usefulness -ry entry, ministry, robbery -ship friendship, membership, workmanship Adverb suffixes -sion/-tion/- xion expression, population, complexion suffix examples of adverbs Adjective suffixes -ly calmly, easily, quickly downwards, homeward(s), -ward(s) suffix examples of adjectives upwards -ing exciting, boring, interesting -wise anti-clockwise, clockwise, edgewise -ed excited, bored, interested -able/-ible drinkable, portable, flexible -al global, formal, traditional -en broken, golden, wooden -ese Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese -ful forgetful, helpful, useful -i Iraqi, Pakistani, Yemeni -ic classic, Islamic, poetic -ish British, childish, Spanish, foolish -ive active, passive, productive -ian Canadian, Malaysian, Peruvian -less homeless, hopeless, useless -ly daily, monthly, yearly -ous cautious, famous, nervous -y cloudy, rainy, windy

7 ~7~ انسؤال انىزاري حرف ب (2016) Complete the following sentences with the suitable words derived from the words in brackets and write the answer s down in your ANSWER BOOKLET. (6 points) اكمم انجمم انتبن خ ثبالشتمبق انصح ح نهكهمخ ث ه األلىاس 1. Our daily of drinking water should not be less than 6 cups. (consume) 2. People are cutting down trees from the forest there aren t many left. (consequent) 3. It is to find different ways to produce energy. (necessitate) * نحم سؤال االشتمبق وىظر لجم انفراؽ و ثؼذ انفراؽ مغ انترجمخ!!!!!. و االوتجبي إنى انمؤشراد (او لىاػذ االشتمبق(انتبن خ ف انصفحبد انتبن خ: Derivations Complete the following sentences with the suitable words derived from the words in brackets and write the answers down in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 1. Humans and animals are on water to survive. (reliance) 2., the Jordanian government have released the following notice to commence raising awareness of this matter. (Consequent) 3. People must assume. for their actions. (accountable) 4. The electric circuits in the school are consistently. (maintain) 5. I fail to their attitude. (comprehension) 6. The government provides us with drinking water that is consistently free from (pollute) 7. People must assume for their actions. (accountable) 8. Jordanians should have potable water that is free from...(pollution) 9. Our health and environment are...on an effective waster infrastructure. (reliance) 10. The minister said that some of the old schools need urgent. (maintain) 11. Young people shouldn't always on their families. (reliance) 12. It is our to keep our school tidy and clean. (responsible) 13. Plastic bags are very dangerous because they the environment. (pollution) 14. questions measure the depth of the understanding a reader can reach. (comprehend) 15. We should make between what we say and what we do. (consistent)

8 س ~8~ وشتك االسم ف انحبالد انتبن خ NOUN: ذؼذ ج قلحش 1. after adjectives * يهذ ظخي ى جذا : عغ ف انفشاؽ اسى )Noun( ثششغ أ ال زجغ انفشاؽ اسى... إرا رجغ انفشاؽ اسى أخز صفخ. ئ ح لحػ أ لؼ ذ sentence. 2. Either a subject or an object of a ذؼذ كذدجش ج ٤ س جألػذجد.3 after all determiners ( a, an, the,one, two, first.4 th, 9 th,77 th., much, many, more, most, any, some, all, no, few, little, a lot of, either, neither.) ذؼذ قش ف ج ؿش prepositions:.4 after (on, of, with, in, at, to, for, from, under, beside, inside,outside, near, behind, before, into, onto, after, over, with, without, against, than, during, through, by ) هر ح ذؼذ ح أع حء Of After possessive adjectives (my, your, our, their, his, her, its) (s') ذؼذ فلحش ج ٤ س ذؼذ as).. 6. After (called, defined ذؼذ فلحش جإلؽحسز those) 7. After demonstrative (this, that, these, Adjective: هر جألع حء nouns: 1. before وشتك انصفخ ف انحبالد انتبن خ ذؼذ ذؼل جألكؼح ج طح ٤ س ذأ ١ ضقش ٣ ق verbs:.2 after some ئرج ح ص جكؼحال ست ٤ غ ٤ س ك ٢ ج ؿ be) is/ are/ am/ was /were / ػحت س: Be ) * *(get / become / feel / smell / taste / find+ (object) / appear / sound/grow / look / seem) ذؼذ ػشجش ج قلحش ج طح ٤ س more,) 3. After (So, too, very, quite, fairly, further, هر ج لشجؽ ظشف Adverbs:.4 After ذؼذ.. most / the ذ ٤ / more.. than 5. be* s as be*:is are am was were

9 طر ع س ~9~ Adverb وشتك انظرف ف انحبالد انتبن خ *يهذ ظخ: غبنجب يب ك انظشف لجم انفؼم لجم انصفبد. ك ٢ ذذج ٣ س ج ؿ ذلحف س دجت ح ظشف comma. 1. at the beginning of the sentences followed by a ذ ٤ كؼ ٤ )كؼ ست ٤ غ ٢ + كؼ غحػذ(.2 between two verbs هر كؼ ك ٢ ح ٣ س ج ؿ س verb. 3. at end of the sentence and directly after a ذ ٤ ج لحػ --- ج لؼ 4. between the subject and the verb ذؼذ أكؼح جأل ش 5. after imperative verbs جعطػ حء : ج قلحش ج طح ٤ س ظش ف د ص ٣ حدز ج كن low] [hard, fast, late, high, near,. وشتك انفؼم ف انحبالد انتبن خ Verb * يهذ ظخ: انفؼم ف أغهت األد ب يب ك ػهى شكم ) form )base فؼم أسبس يجشد ذؼذ toج قذس ٣ س : to 1. After ذؼذ جألكؼح ج ؾ ٤ س )ج د ض(.2 After Modals ذؼذ ػحت س )Do) ك ٢ قح س ج غإج ج ل ٢ _! didn t 3. After verbs to do don t, doesn't, ذؼذ ج لؼ 4. After the verb to have (it should be P.P) have ذؼذ ج لؼ ذ ألكؼح : +v1) 5. After the verbs (let, make, help +o. ذؼذ م حتش ج ف...) that 6. After relative pronouns (who, which, ذؼذ 7. Let, would rather, had better القظس : ػ ذ جعطخذج أد جش ج ؼطق ػ : as),(,and, or, as well كا ح ؼطق ط ٤ لظ ج ع. - The boys install and their programs quickly. (invent, invented, inventing)

10 ~11~ انكهمبد انمطهىثخ ن سؤال االشتمبق verb x x maintain rely comprehend pollute x conserve consume decompose diversify invest necessitate X Endure X provide X erupt X inscribe migrate noun accountability consequence maintenance reliance / reliability comprehension Pollutant / pollution abundance conservation consumption decomposition diversification investment necessity scarcity endurance fiction provision commerce eruption illiteracy inscription migration adjective accountable consequent maintained reliant / reliable comprehensible polluted abundant conserved consumed decomposed diverse invested necessary scarce endurable fictional x commercial x illiterate inscribed x adverb accountably consequently x x x x abundantly x x x diversely x necessarily scarcely x x x commercially x x x x ػرث سؤوى ح ت جح حافظ / صو ثق/ ؼت ذ فھ /است ؼاب تيوث وفشج/غزاسج حافظح ػيي استھالك تؼف /تحيو ت وع استث اس ضشوس / ھ ذسج / قص تح و خ اه /قصح تزو ذ تجاسج تشما ثوسا األ ح قش ھجشج 1. Our house is very large. Unfortunately, it is very expensive to it. (maintenance) 2. I couldn t what was happening because I was too young. (comprehension) 3. Don t throw plastic bags because they don t. (decomposition) 4. Many people in buying and selling lands.(investment) 5. There many are ogranisations who food, medicine and shelter for poor people. (provision) Answers: 1. maintain2. comprehend 3. Decompose 4. invest 5. provide

11 ~11~ مصبدر انم بي ف األردن reliant on Word/ Phrase حاجة need نت جة لذلك consequently as a result accountability combined effort مسؤول ة responsibility مشاركة partnership meaning فهم عم ق deep understanding in-depth comprehension صحة wellbeing health فوائد هائلة ومختلفة countless other benefits numerous different advantages خال من الملوثات free from pollutants uncontaminated التحكم به بشكل روت ن constantly maintained routinely monitored اهتمام اكبر ب more regard for greater concern for ال حصى too many, large number countless Finite نفذ will run out Water is essential for life. Our wellbeing, sanitation, agriculture and industry all count upon a supply of water. Beyond these uses, water brings countless other benefits to society. We use it(1) to swim in, sail on and take pleasure in the numerous plants and animals that depend on it(2). ج حء مش س ١ ك ٤ حز. صذز ب, ج ظح ج قك ٢, ج ضسجػس ج ق حػس ؾ ٤ ؼ ح ٣ ؼط ذ ػ ٠ سد ج حء. ئمحكس ز جالعطخذج حش, كح حء ف ائذ ال رذصى ؿط غ. غطخذ ح غرحقس, إلذكحس عذ قحؾس ج ؼذد ان بئم ج رحضحش ج ك ٤ ج حش ج ط ٢ ضؼط ذ ػ ٤ ح. In addition, our health and environment are reliant on an effective wastewater infrastructure. باإلضافة لذلك صحتنا وب ئتنا تعتمدان على الصرف الصح الفعال للبن ة التحت ة. Jordan's scarcity of water is a long-term challenge for environmentalists. Water resources in Jordan have remained quite stable over the years, but Jordan has become a densely populated country. Current use of water already exceeds renewable supply. ندرة الم اه ف األردن هو تحدي طو ل األمد لعلماء الب ئة. مصادر الم اه ف األردن بق ت ثابتة تماما عبر السنوات لكن األردن أصبح دولة كث فة السكان. االستخدام الحالي للماء تجاوز المخزون المتجدد.

12 ~12~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض Consequently, the Jordanian government has released the following notice to commence raising awareness of this matter. 1. Jordanians must recognise that the available water supply is finite, and they (3) must take responsibility for this issue within their (4) own households. نتيجة ذلك أصدرت الحكومة األردن ة اإلشعارات التال ة من أجل البدء بإثارة الوع لهذا األمر. 1- جب على األردن ن أن دركوا بأن مخزون الماء المتوفر هو محدود و جب أخذ المسؤول ة لهذه القض ة ف الشؤون المنزل ة. 2. Accountability must be assumed for water management in Jordan. This responsibility should be recognised by individual citizens, the public sector and the private sector alike. The situation necessitates the combined effort of the Jordanian people to improve conditions within their (5) own environs. أفراد المجتمع القطاع العام والخاص كحد 2- المسؤولية جب أن فرض وجودها ف اإلدارة المائ ة باألردن. هذه المسؤول ة جب أن دركها كل سواء. الموقف تطلب الجهود المشتركة للشعب األردن لتحس ن ظروفهم داخل مح طهم. 3. A deeper understanding of the available amounts, actual quality and natural protection of Jordan's water resources must be reached. This knowledge will be circulated in schools and throughout the community. 4. Water must be used more efficiently, with more regard for energy needed to heat water for daily usage. 5. Healthy aquatic ecosystems are vital to a high quality of life for Jordanians and must be preserved. 6. The quality and standards of drinking water will be consistently maintained to ensure that Jordanians have potable water that(6) is free from pollutants. 3- الفهم العميق لكل من الكم ات المتوفرة والنوع ة الحق ق ة والحما ة الطب ع ة لمصادر الماء الت جب الوصول إل ها. هذه المعرفة جب أن تم تداولها ف المدارس و جم ع أنحاء المجتمع المحل. 4- جب أن ستخدم الماء أكثر فاعل ة مع االهتمام بالطاقة المحتاج لها لتسخ ن الماء ف االستخدام ال وم. 5- أنظمة الب ئ ة الصح ة والمائ ة هامة بدرجة عال ة ف ح اة األردن ن و جب الحفاظ عل ها. 6- إن جودة ومقا س م اه الشرب ستكون مصانة باستمرار للتأك د على أن األردن ن لد هم م اه صالح للشرب وخالية من الملوثات. it (: 1+2: water). (they+ their: Jordanians.) (their: Jordanian people) (that: potable water).

13 ~13~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض Questions: على ماذا عود الضم ر الذي تحته خط... to? 1- What does the underlined pronoun "their" refer هناك فوائد للم اه. أذكر اثنت ن them? 2- There are many benefits for water. Write two of على ماذا عود الضم ر... to? 3- What does the underlined pronoun "it" refer 4- Write the sentence which shows that the water problem is for a long period of time? اكتب الجملة الت تب ن أن مشكلة الم اه ه من فترة طو لة 5- استبدلReplace the underlined phrase are المصطلح reliant on" with the suitable meaning? 6- Why must the Jordanians take the responsibility of keeping water within the households? لماذا جب على األردن ن أخذ المسؤول ة بما تعلق بالم اه ف الشؤون المنزل ة 1- According to point 3, what are the kinds of information needed to understand in depth to be at schools or the whole community? 2- Find a phrase in the last paragraph which means uncontaminated"? Book: 1- Out of all the uses of water mentioned in the first paragraph, which do you consider most important? Why? 2- What does "this matter" in paragraph three refer to? 3- Rephrase point 1 of the government notice in your own words? 4- In point 2 of the notice, what idea is being expressed here? Write one sentence? 5- An educational programme is proposed in point 3. What is its purpose? Explain in our own words? 6- In point 4, what does the word "regard" imply? 7- Why do you think point 5 is considered an important issue to the government? 8- What does point 6 say will be done to make sure that drinking water is safe? Answers: 1. I think that sanitation because it helps us to be healthier and control disease. 2- Jordan's scarcity of water. 3. It is necessary for Jordanians to know that water supply is limited and they have to use it wisely. 4. All the people and the sectors should work together to solve the problem of water everywhere in Jordan. 5- to make school children more aware of problems and solutions of water shortages. 6- care 5. This could be concerning tourism or in terms of fish. 8- water will be checked.

14 \ ~14~ Vocabulary: 1 - solar panels - wind turbines - nuclear power station - wind farm أ ج ؽ غ ٤ س كش حش س ٣ ح كطس هحهس ٣ س قو ج ش ٣ ح ؽ غ ٢ - solar خ ٤ س - cell ط ق ٣ ٤ س - biomass ذ generator - blade - plant material rubbish dump س ٣ ؾس ش قس حدز رحض ٤ س د لح ٣ حش 2 Energy of sun: solar, panels, heat, cell, sunlight Energy of wind: wind farms, turbines, windy, generator 1- Match the suitable item to complete the following sentences: cells, turbines, solar, dump, panels, material 1- If you have a calculator, it contains a solar cell. 2- Solar that are used on houses have thousands of solar cells. 3- In windy places, wind energy can be used to make electricity, using wind. 4- All solar machines involve solar which use sunlight to power these machines. 5- You should put the household wastes in the rubbish. 2- Match the suitable item to complete the following sentences: plant, electricity, steam, fuel, generator 1- The turbines are found in 'wind farms' which have blades that are attached to a at the centre. 2- Biomass is material and animal waste that is used as fuel. 3- Biomass is mainly used as 4- When the generator runs, it produces 5- The biomass is burnt to heat water and make which is in turn used to make electricity.

15 ~15~ يصبدس غج ؼ خ ف األسد abundant افش available in large quantities أسبسprimary main derived يشزك obtained from biofuels ل د د ي fuel produced from renewable biological resource tidal يذ جضس affected by tide hydro غبلخ ان ب Energy of water geothermal غبلخ ثبغ األسض relating to or using the natural heat produced inside the earth self-taught رؼهى رار taught without help (1) who Jamal Sabah (2) they Seven types of renewable energy (3) it Solar energy (4) its Solar energy (5) it (6) it (7) it (8) it (9) it wood (10) it wood (11) it wood (12) it wood (13) which Solar Water Heating (14) which Photovoltaic (15) it country (16) they the USA (17) it energy source (18) they experts (19) it nuclear power (20) it nuclear power

16 ~16~ Field of experience seven types of renewable energy qualities make solar energy renewable Quizmaster: Today on the show we have Jamal Sabah, who(1) is a self-taught expert on the history and future of Earth's resources. Jamal, you are going to answer as many questions as you can about Earth's resources. Jamal: OK. Quizmaster: Start the clock! What are the seven types of renewable energy? Jamal: They(2) are solar, wind, hydro, biomass, wave, tidal and geothermal. Quizmaster: Correct! Why is solar energy called ' primary renewable energy'? Jamal: it's(3) the origin of many other sources of energy. It's(4) also the most abundant renewable energy resource. انفبدص: ج ٤ ك ٢ زج ج رش ح ؽ ذ ٣ ح ؾ ح فرح, خر ٤ ش طؼ رجض ٤ ح ق ضحس ٣ خ غطور قحدس جألسك. ق ح, ع ف ضو ذاؾحذس ج ؼذ ٣ ذ جألعث س ق قحدس جألسك. ج بل: ال ذأط انفبدص: جذذأ! ح ٢ ج غرغ أ جع طحهس ج طؿذدز ج بل: ئ ح ج طحهس ج ؾ غ ٤ س, هحهس ج ش ٣ ح, ج حء, ج ط ج ك ٣ ٤ س, جأل جؼ, ج ذ ٣ س, قشجسز ؾ ف جألسك. انفبدص: فك ٤ ف! حرج ع ٤ ص ج طحهس ج ؾ غ ٤ س "ذح طحهس ج طؿذدز جألعحع ٤ س" ج بل: ئ ح أف ج ػ ٤ ش قحدس ج طحهس جألخش. أ ٣ نح جأل ػش ض كشج جأل ػش رجذدا. ذ حرج ؾ ح خر ٤ ش on? 1- What is Jamal expert 2- Solar energy is called primary renewable energy for two reasons. Write them? ج طحهس ج ؾ غ ٤ س ضغ ٠ ذح طحهس ج طؿذدز جألعحع ٤ س غرر. أر ش ح ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش... to? 3- What does the underlined pronoun "it" refer 4- Find a word in the last paragraph which means "available of large quantities"? ؾذ ج س ج ط ٢ ضؼ ٢...

17 ~17~ Reasons make wood not renewable types of solar technology Quizmaster: Is wood a renewable energy source? Jamal : Er, it(5) is in Europe. However, if growing it(6), cutting it(7), drying it(8) and transporting it(9) uses more energy than it(10) actually provides when it's(11) burnt, we cannot say that it(12) is renewable. Quizmaster: What is the difference between renewable and fossil fuels? Jamal: Time. Fossil fuels were created longer ago, but both fuels are derived from living matter. Quizmaster: What are the two main kinds of solar technology? Jamal: Solar Water Heating, which(13) delivers hot water through pipes, and Solar PV, or Photovoltaic, which(14) delivers electricity through cables. Quizmaster: Which country is the largest producer of nuclear power? Jamal : I think that it's(15) the USA. I read somewhere that they(16) produce 30 per cent of all the nuclear- generated electricity in the world. انفبدص: ج خؾد قذس هحهس طؿذد ج بل: زج ك ٢ أ س ذح. ػ ذ صسجػط هطؼ ضؿل ٤ ل و ٣ طط د هحه أ رش ح ك ٢ ج جهغ ٣ وذ ػ ذ قشه, زج ال ٣ جػطرحس ح هحهس طؿذدز. انفبدص: ح جالخطالف ذ ٤ ج ه د ج طؿذد ج ه د جالقل س ١ ج بل: ج هص. ج ه د جالقل س ١ هذ ض ذلطش أه ذح حم ٢, ال ح ؾطن حدز ق ٤ س. انفبدص: ح ح ج ػ ٤ ج شت ٤ غ ٤٤ ط ؾ ٤ ح ج ؾ غ ٤ س ج بل: غخ ج ٤ ح ج ؾ غ ٢, ق ٤ ع ٣ و ج حء ج كحس ػرش جأل حذ ٤ د, ز ي ح ٣ غ ٠ (PV) أ ج خال ٣ ح ج ش م ت ٤ س, ج ط ٢ ض و ج شذحء ػرش جألعالى. انفبدص: أ ١ ج ذ ٢ جأل ػش ئ طحؾح طحهس ج ٣ س ج بل: أػطوذ أ ح أ ش ٤ ٣ ح. هشأش ذ ح ح ذأ ح ض طؽ 30 ذح حتس ئؾ ح ٢ 5- What is the difference between renewable and fossil fuels? مب االختالف ث ه انىلىد انمتجذد واالحفىري ػهى مبرا ؼىد انضم ر to? 6- What does the underlined word "they" refer مب ه أوىاع انتكىىنىج ب انشمس خ technology? 7-What are the kinds of solar

18 ~18~ Future common energy Quizmaster: Finally, what energy source, according to experts, will be the most common in future? Jamal: That's a difficult question. Erm, experts say it(17) will be nuclear power, but they(18) also say that we have to develop the way it(19) is produced because otherwise it(20) will be very dangerous. Quizmaster: Well, thank you Jamal. I can tell you that you got every single question right. Well done! انفبدص: أخ ٤ شج, ح قذس ج طحهس, ذح غرس خرشجء, ج ز ١ ع ٤ جأل ػش ؽ ٤ ػح ذح غطور ج بل: ئ عإج فؼد. ج خرشجء ٣ و ج طحهس ج ٣ س, أ ٣ نح ٣ و أ ح ٣ ؿد أ كغ ج طش ٣ وس ك ٢ ئ طحؾ ح ئال عط خط ٤ شز. انفبدص: قغ ح, ؽ شج ي ؾ ح. جعطط ٤ غ ج و أ عإجال ح ف جذح. ػ ؾ ٤ ذ. ح قذس ج طحهس ج ؾحتغ ذح غطور future? 8- Which energy source will be the most common in 9- Write the sentence which shows that Jamal answered all the questions correctly? ج طد ج ؿ س ج ط ٢ ضؾ ٤ ش ئ ٠ أ ؾ ح أؾحخ ػ ٠ ؾ ٤ غ جألعث س ذؾ فك ٤ ف - Jamal says that solar energy is the origin of many other sources of energy. Give examples of these sources. All renewable energy sources, except tidal and geothermal, get their energy from the sun, for example, biomass, wind and hydropower.

19 ~19~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض AWF (1) it/ (2) its The African Wildlife Foundation (3) who Hunters (4) who donors What AWF conserves The African Wildlife Foundation (AWF) is a non- profit organisation that works for the conservation of the communities, lands and wildlife of Africa. It(1)has many offices throughout Africa, and its(2) projects aim at ensuring an ever-lasting future for the African people. ج إعغس جإلكش ٣ و ٤ س ك ٤ حز ج رش ٣ س (AWF) ٢ ي ظ خ ؿ ٤ ش سذك ٤ س ضؼ أؾ انذفبظ ػ ٠ ج ؿط ؼحش ػ ٠ جألسجم ٢ انذ بح انجش خ ك ٢ ئكش ٣ و ٤ ح. ذ ٣ ح ج ػ ٤ ش ج حضد ك ٢ أ كحء ئكش ٣ و ٤ ح, ؾحس ٣ ؼ ح ض ذف ئ ٠ ظ ب غطور دجت Reason to train people with law officials Who supports AWF??? The organisation has been training hundreds of Africans in conservation and has been working closely with law officials to increase penalties on hunters, especially those who(3) hunt endangered animals. AWF earns millions of dollars through funding thanks to donors who(4) appreciate the organisation's selfless mission and contribution to the preservation of Earth's natural resources. ؾؼد جإلكش ٣ و ٢. ج ظ س ضذسخ ثحش جألكحسهس ػ ٠ ج كحكظس ضؼ ذح وشخ غ ان ذبي انمعبح ض ٣ حدز انؼم ثبد ػ ٠ ج ق ٤ حد ٣, خحفس ج ز ٣ ٣ قطحد ج ك ٤ ج حش ان ذدح ثبال مشاض. ضكق إعغس (AWF) ػ ٠ ال ٤٣ ج ذ السجش خال ان زجشػ ج ز ٣ مذس س ج ظ س رجش ؿ ٤ ش جأل ح ٢ يسب ز ب أؾ ج كحكظس ػ ٠ ان صبدس ج طر ٤ ؼ ٤ س ألسك. 1- What is the purpose of AWF s projects? 2- What does the underlined pronoun "who" refer to? BOOK 1- How does AWF contribute to the preservation of Earth s natural resources? 2- In what way do you think you can help AWF in its missions? Answers: 1- a- it works for the conservation of the communities, lands and wildlife of Africa. b- It trains people in conservation and works to increase penalties on hunters. 2- Raising money at school - making posters

20 ~21~ In January 2012 CE, oil in Jordan was selling at $ 66 per barrel, and had in fact risen to $72 per barrel by the beginning of February. Between February and May, the price rose from $72 to $ 105 per barrel. Between May and June, the price per barrel remained the same. Then in July, there was a dramatic drop in price by $17 per barrel. From July to August, the price rose slightly to $90 per barrel. It rose again in September to reach $99 per barrel in October. From October to November, there was a slight drop in price by $4 per barrel, which fell again by $5 between November and December. ػح, 2012 ح ص جألسد رج غ ثشي م ج رطش ذ 66 د الس, ذؼذ ح جسضلغ ئ ٠ 72 د الس رش ٤ ذ ط غ ؽ ش ؽرحه. ذ ٤ ؽ ش ؽرحه ح ٣, جسضلغ ج غؼش 72 د الس ئ ٠ 105 د الس رش ٤. ذ ٤ ؽ ش ح ٣ قض ٣ شج, ثم ج غؼش ح. ذؼذ ح ك ٢ ض ص ح ج خلحك يث ش يفبجئ ك ٢ ج غؼش كأفرف 17 د الس رش ٤. ض ص ح ٣ س أؿغطظ, اسرفغ ذؾ هل ٤ ق ٤ قرف 90 د الس رش ٤. ذؼذ ح جسضلغ غح ٤ س ذغرط رش ٤ ق ئ ٠ 99 د الس رش ٤ ك ٢ أ ط ذش. أ ط ذش ئ ٠ ك رش, ح حى ض ل هل ٤ ق ك ٢ ج غؼش ٣ ق ئ ٠ 4 د الس رش ٤ ق ٤ ع ض غح ٤ س 5 د الس ذ ٤ ك رش د ٣ غ رش. ط ٠ قق أ جسضلحع ألعؼحس oil? 1- When was the first increase in the price of ط ٠ ذو ٤ ص جألعؼحس ذذ ض ٤٤ ش change? 2- When did the price of oil remain without ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش to? 3- What does the underlined pronoun "which" refer أسئهخ انكزبة 1- By how much per barrel did the price of oil rise between February and May? 2- What was the price of oil in Jordan in July? 3- What was the price of oil in October? 4- What was the price of oil in November? 5- What was the price of oil in December? 6- By how much did the price of oil rise between January 2012 CE and December 2012 CE? Answers: 1- $33 (105-72= 33) 2- $88 (105-17= 88) 3- $ 99 per barrel 4- $ 95 (99-4=95) ` 5- $ $24 (90-66=24

21 ~21~ A: Choose consequently, reliant, deep, accountability 1- Humans and animals are (1)on water to survive. (2), living in a country where water is scarce requires a deep understanding of the relationship between mankind and nature. We know that (3)understanding to something is wanted to have a good analysis. Whether we are part of a large business or a small family, we must build a community feeling of (4)for our water supply. B: Choose: consistently, combined, pollutants, regard 1- We have to use water with more to the world around us. 2- The government provides us with drinking water that is maintained. 3- We can do a effort to reduce our usage on a day-to day basis. 4- The water is free from so you can drink it. C: Choose tidal, abundant, derived, worldwide, biofuels, primary 1- are fuels that are derived from living matter, including plant material and animal waste. 2- There's a difference between biofuels, which are used for heating and electricity production, and secondary biofuels, which are used in vehicles and industry. 3- production of biofuels from crops means using large pieces of land, and therefore keeping less land for food production. 4- People need to be careful with biofuel production and be aware of its bad effects on Earth's resources. Answers: 1- biofuels 2- primary 3- abundant 4- worldwide

22 ~22~ Exercise: Complete using the words - solar cells - paper - solar energy - generator petroleum - glass - wind turbines - wind coal - natural gas - fresh water - wild life Natural resource products Answers: Natural resources: - solar energy - fresh water - wild life - wind - coal - natural gas - petroleum Products: - generator - glass - wind turbines - solar cells - paper 6 Choose the best word or phrase to complete these sentences. 1 Earth has a finite /finished supply of fossil fuels, so we need to find alternative energy resources. 2 Your well-being/ well going is important, so you should look after yourself. 3 The electric circuits in the school are consistently maintained / routine maintenance. 4 People must assume responsible /accountability for their actions. 5 People are taking too many fish from the oceans and consequently / resulting there are not-many left. 6 People are needing / reliant on fresh water.

23 ~23~ وزارح 2012 Word Meaning فكل ٢ journalist a person who writes for newspapers or magazines novelist س جت ٢ - حضد س ج ٣ حش someone who writes novels حضد clerk someone who keeps records or accounts in an office - ج ن حتش he, who, his, him ضؼ د ػ ٠.Charles Dickens - What Dickens prefers Charles Dickens was born on 7 th February, 1812, in Portsmouth, on the southern coast of England. He was a quiet boy, who loved reading. When he spoke later of his childhood, he said that he remembered listening to children playing outside, as he sat indoors. He always preferred reading to playing with other children. ضؾح ض د ٤ ٣ ض ذ ك ٢ ج غحذغ كرشج ٣ ش, 1812 ك ٢ ذ سضغ ح ظ, ػ ٠ ج ؾحهة ج ؿ ذ ٢ ذا ؿ طشج. وذ ح ذ حدب, ق ٤ ع أقد ج وشجءز. ػ ذ ح ض ػ هل ط, هح ذأ ضز ش جالعط حع ألهلح ٣ ؼر ذح خحسؼ أغ حء ؾ د ك ٢ ج ض. كن ج وشجءز ػ ٠ ج ؼد غ جألهلح ج ٥ خش ٣. Results of financial problems At the age of 12, life for his family changed very suddenly. His father had financial problems, so Charles was no longer able to attend school regularly, and he had to work at a factory. The loneliness he felt there was an important influence on his writing, especially in his books Great Expectations and David Copperfield. ك ٢ ػ ش 12 ع س, ض ٤ شش ق ٤ حز ػحت ط كؿأز. ضؼشك أذ ؾح ح ٤ س, زج ٣ ؼذ ضؾحس ض ٣ كنش ذسعس ذح طظح, ح ػ ٤ ج ؼ ك ٢ ق غ. وذ ح ج ؾؼ س ذح قذز ط ٠ ذ د ٣ ض born? 1- When was Dickens حرج أقد ضؾحس ض ػ ذ ح ح هلال child? 2-What did Charles love mostly when he was a حرج أد ج ؾؼ س ذح قذز ذح غرس do? 3- What did the feeling of loneliness lead him to ح ٢ طحتؽ ج ؾح ج ح ٤ س Dickens? 4- What were the results of financial problems on Charles أغش ح ػ ٠ طحذط خحفس ك ٢ طر ج ٥ ح ج ؼظ ٤ س د ٣ لذ ذشك ٤ ذ.

24 ~24~ Job after school When he was 14, Charles stopped going to school altogether and started working as a clerk in a lawyer's office in London. He didn't like working there. ػ ذ ح ذ ؾ ج شجذؼس ػؾش, ض هق ضؾحس ض ج ز حخ ذسعس ض ح ح ذذأ ج ؼ حضد ك ٢ طد كح ٢ ك ٢ ذ. ٣ كد ج ؼ حى. Series name Novels names Luckily, things changed for him again. Charles had always wanted to be a writer, and he became a very respected journalist. He began to write short pieces for publication in the newspaper. In 1836, a series of pieces called The Pickwick Papers appeared monthly in the newspaper and were very popular. Dickens was a famous author by then. Throughout his life, Dickens enjoyed traveling. He traveled to many countries, writing novels and giving talks about the cruelty of slavery. Novels such as "Oliver Twist" and "Dombey and Son" highlighted the cruel treatment of people, especially children, and child labour in the 19 th century. He died on 8 th June, 1870, at the age of 58. كغ ج كع, جألؽ ٤ حء ض ٤ شش غح ٤ س. أسجد د ح أ ٣ حضرح, هذ أفرف فكل ٢ كطش ح. ذذأ ذ طحذس هطغ أدذ ٤ س ف ٤ شز ؾش. ػح 1836, ه شش ع غ س ؽ ش ٣ س ج وطغ جألدذ ٤ س ز شجش ذ ٣ ي" هذ ع ح ح " أفركص ؽحتؼس. د ٣ ض أفرف إ ق ؾ سج ر ي ج هص. ه ج ق ٤ حض, جعط طغ د ٣ ض ذح غلش. عحكش ؼذ ٣ ذ ج ذ, طد ج ش ج ٣ حش ض ح ج كذ ٣ ع ػ هغ ز ج ؼر د ٣ س. س ج ٣ حض ػ أ ٤ لش ض ٣ غص دج ر ٢ جالذ أ وص ج ن ء ػ ٠ ج ؼح س ج حط ج وحع ٤ س, خحفس ػ ٠ جألهلح ػ ج طل ك ٢ ج وش ج طحعغ ػؾش. ض ك ٢ ك ٢ ج ػح أ ٣ حس 1870 ك ٢ ػ ش 58 حرج ػ ضؾحس ض ػ ذ ح ح ػ ش أسذؼس ػؾش fourteen? 1-What did Charles work when he was حرج ع ٤ ص أ ع غ س طؾحس ض called? 1- What were Charles first series ٤ ق أفرف ضؾحس ض ؾ سج famous? 2- How did Charles become جر ش جع ٤ أع حء س ج ٣ حش د ٣ ض 4- Mention two novels for Dickens ضؾحس ض جعطخذ ؽ ٤ ث ٤ أغ حء ج غلش. أر ش ح them? 5- Charles used to do two things during travelling. Mention ح م ع س ج ٣ حض ك ٢ ج وش ج طحعغ ػؾش century? 6-What was the subject of his novels in 19th ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش...? to 7- What does the underlined "there" refer

25 ~25~ 1 Why did Charles Dickens have to stop going to school? 2 How did Dickens experiences of work influence his writing? 3 What was his first successful published work? 4 What issues did many of his novels highlight? 5 What do you think are the moral problems with using children as labour? 6 Do you think a novel that addresses a social problem would contribute to diminishing these problems? If so, how? If not, why not? 1 He had to stop going to school because he had to work. 2 He felt lonely at work and this influenced his writing. 3 The Pickwick Papers was his first successful work. 4 Many of his novels highlighted the issues of cruelty to children and child labour. 5 Suggested answer: I think children should not be used as labour because they need to be nourished and looked after until they are strong enough to do the tough manual jobs that they are expected to do as children. Additionally, they have a right to be children, and play and learn. 6 Suggested answer: I think a novel about these social problems might make people more aware of them, but I think it might take a very long time for people to start to take action, because it is not urgent enough. Also, people might just think it is fiction, so there is no point in getting worried about the situation.

26 ~26~ ا ن فش ر سذ (1) who Oliver Twist (15) who Fagin (2) there Victorian workhouse (16) it Oliver Twist Story (3) he Oliver Twist (17) his Dickens (4) where London (18) they Characters (5) he Oliver Twist (19) who Mr Brownlow (6) who Fagin (20) him Oliver (7) they Artful Dodger (21) it Mr Brownlow and Fagin (8)him Oliver (22) who Mr Brownlow (9) who Good friends (23) he Oliver (10) him Oliver Twist (24) him Oliver (11) they Good friends (25) it book (12) it Oliver Twist (26) it novel Novel (13) his Oliver's (27) it the Novel (14) he Oliver (28) it the Novel characters Oliver Twist is an orphan who(1) lives in a Victorian workhouse. Life is cruel there(2), and Oliver suffers a lot. At the age of eleven, he(3) escapes to London, where(4) he(5) meets a boy called Artful Dodger and a man called Fagin, who(6) is the leader of a group of thieves. They(7) are kind to Oliver, but try to teach him(8) to steal. Luckily, Oliver also finds good friends, like Mr Brownlow and Rose Maylie, who(9) want to look after him(10)- but can they(11) protect him from the difficult life of a poor, homeless boy in 19 th century London? أ ٤ لش ض ٣ غص ٣ ط ٤ ٣ ؼ ٤ ؼ ك ٢ ذ ٤ ص ئ ؿ ٤ ض ١. ج ك ٤ حز ح ص هحع ٤ س حى, ج ٤ لش ٣ ؼح ٢ ػ ٤ شج. ك ٢ ػ ش ج كحد ٣ س ػؾش, شخ ئ ٠ ذ, ق ٤ ع هحذ ذج جع آسغش د دؾش سؾال ٣ ذػ ٠ كحؾ, هحتذ ؿ ػس ج ق ؿ. ح ج طلحء غ ج ٤ لش, قح ج ضؼ ٤ ٤ ق ٣ غشم. كغ ج كع, ج ٤ لش ؾذ أفذهحء ؾ ٤ ذ, ػ ج غ ٤ ذ ذش س ص ح ٢ ٣ ج ز ٣ أسجد ج ج ؼ ح ٣ س ذ - ح ذحعططحػط ق ح ٣ ط ج ك ٤ حز ج قؼرس طل كو ٤ ش ذال أ ك ٢ ج وش ج طحعغ ػؾش ك ٢ ذ

27 ق ٤ ~27~ ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش ج ز ١ ضكط خو to? 1- What does the underlined pronoun "who" refer جر ش جع ٤ ألفذهحت friends? 2- Name two of Oliver's good 3- What does the underlined "him" refer to? Qualities of London in 19 th century Oliver Twist is one of Charles Dickens' most famous novels and it(11) tells the tale of a young orphan named Oliver. Oliver endures difficult times in 19 th century London, a city full of poverty and crime. The story, like many of Dickens' other novels, paints a vivid picture of life for the working class, especially children, during the industrialization of England. Born in a workhouse, Oliver is treated cruelly, and like all children in a similar position, has to work hard at a young age. ج ٤ لش ض ٣ غص ٢ أ ػش ج ش ج ٣ حش ؽ شز طؾحس ض د ٣ ض ق ٤ ع ضطكذظ ػ ق ح ٣ س ؽحخ ٣ ط ٤ جع أ ٤ لش. زذ م ج ٤ لش أ هحش فؼرس ك ٢ ج وش ج طحعغ ػؾش ذ ذ, ٢ ذ ٣ س ج طألش ذح لوش ج ؿشجت. ز ج وقس, ح ؼذ ٣ ذ س ج ٣ حش د ٣ ض, ضق س ج ك ٤ حز ج حؽطس طروس ج ؼح س خحفس جألهلح, أغ حء ج ػ سز ج ق حػ ٤ س ذح ؿ طشج. ذ أ ٤ لش ك ٢ ؿأ, هذ ح ٣ ؼح ذوغ ز, ػ ذحه ٢ جألهلح ك ٢ لظ ج ظش ف, ح ػ ٤ أ ٣ ؼ ذؿذ ك ٢ فش. 1- Find a word in paragraph one which means "to be in a difficult or painful situation ؾذ ج س ج ط ٢ ضؼ ٢ "..." complaining? Without ضقق أهلح ج وش 91 ذ ذ London? 2- How would you describe the children in 19 th century in

28 ~28~ Reasons make others utilize Oliver Because of his(13) kind and timid nature, he is often taken advantage of. One of the novel's most famous lines, "Please Sir, I want some more," is said when Oliver is persuaded by the other boys in the workhouse to ask for another bowl of soup at dinner time. This is unheard of in the workhouse and Oliver is punished for saying it. The incident is the first of many new obstacles he(14) has to face. ذغرد هر ٤ ؼط ج شه ٤ وس ج ؿرح س, ح ٣ غط ج ٥ خش ٣. ئقذ عط س ج ش ج ٣ س ج ؾ سز, " أسؾ ى ٣ ح ع ٤ ذ ١ أس ٣ ذ ج ض ٣ ذ", هح ح ج ٤ لش ػ ذ ح جه ؼ جأل الد ك ٢ ج ؿأ ط د هرن ج كغحء هص ج ذجء. زج ؿ ٤ ش غ ع ك ٢ ج ؿأ ج ٤ لش ض ص ؼحهرط و زج. ز ج كحدغس جأل ٠ ج ؼورحش ج ط ٢ ح ػ ٤ جؾ ط ح. reason of getting confusing reason to remember events As the story progresses, we come across characters like Fagin- a sly old man who(15) "takes care of " a group of thieving children the villain, Bill Sikes, and kind Rose and Nancy. Oliver Twist is a story with many different characters, so it(16) can sometimes get confusing because you have to keep track of so many people. However, Dickens is very skilled at using powerful descriptions of his(17) characters to evoke strong feelings in the reader, feelings of sympathy as well as outrage. Because the characters are so well described, they(18) leave a very memorable image in your mind and this helps to remember who is who. ح ضوذ ص أقذجظ ج وقس, طلحؾة ذؾخق ٤ حش ػ كحؿ - سؾ ح ش ٣ ط ذ ؿ ػس جألهلح ج ق ؿ- ج ؾش ٣ ش ذ عح ٣ ظ, ج شه ٤ وس س ص ح غ ٢. ج ٤ لش ض عص ٢ هقس طؼذدز ج ؾخق ٤ حش, زج أق ٤ ح ح ضؾ ػ ج ل أل ػ ٤ ي أ ضطغ غ ذحألك حس ؼذ ٣ ذ ج حط,., د ٣ ض ح ش ؾذج ذحعطخذج جأل فحف ج و ٣ س ؾخق ٤ حض جؾ أ ٣ ػ ٤ ش ؾحػش ه ٣ س ك ٢ ج وحسب, ؾحػش ج ؼحهلس ز ي ؾحػش ج ند. أل ج ؾخق ٤ حش ض فل ح ذطش ٣ وس ك س, كا ح ضطشى ف سز ر ٤ س ٣ ضز ش ح زج ٣ غحػذ ػ ٠ ضز ش ج ز ١ ٣ و ذح كذظ. حرج جعط ج حط ج ٤ لش Oliver? 1- Why did other people take advantage of حرج ٣ وقس أ ضؾ ػ ج ل ذ ج وحسب confuse? 2- Why did Oliver Twist story حرج ضطشى ج ش ج ٣ س ف سز ال ٣ غ ٤ ح ح? reader 3- Why did the novel leave a memorable image for the ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش to? 3- What does the underlined "his" refer

29 ~29~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش to? 4- What does the underlined "they" refer features of Brownlow Stages of the book My favorite character is Mr Brownlow, a kind and generous man, who(19) tries to protect Oliver from the life of poverty and crime that seems inevitable for him(20). After Oliver is wrongly accused of a robbery, it(21) is Mr Brownlow who(22) believes he(23) is telling the truth, and saves him(24). My only complaint was the pace of the book; at the beginning it(25) progresses quite slowly and then suddenly seems to speed up, leading to confusion at the end. However, non of these things alter my opinion that it(26) is a very fine novel, and it(27) is not difficult to see why it(28) has such a special place in English literature. ؽخق ٤ ط ٢ ج لن س ٢ ج غ ٤ ذ ذش, سؾ ط ٤ ق ش ٣, ٣ كح أ ٣ ك ٢ ج ٤ لش ق ٤ حز ج لوش ج ؿشجت ج ط ٢ ضرذ ج إ ذز. ذؼذ أ هح ج ذحض ح ج ٤ لش ذح غشهس, ئ ج غ ٤ ذ ذش ج ز ١ فذم ذأ ٣ و ج كو ٤ وس أ وز. جقطؿحؾ ٢ ج ق ٤ ذ عشػس ضطح ٢ جألقذجظ, ذح رذج ٣ س ح ص ضطوذ ذروء كؿأز ذذأش ضطوذ ذغشػس, ح أد ئ ٠ ػذ ج ط ظ ٤ ك ٢ ج ح ٣ س., ال ؽ ٢ ء ز جأل س هذ ض ٤ ش سأ ٢٣ ذأ ح س ج ٣ س ؾ ٤ س, ٤ ظ ج قؼد القظس عرد ف ح ئ ٠ ح خحؿ ك ٢ جألدخ جإل ؿ ٤ ض ١. 1- Find a word in paragraph one which means " certain to happen and impossible to avoid"? ج غ ٤ ذ ذشج ح ط ٤ لح غ ج ٤ لش. جدػ ج ل شز? idea 2- Mr. Brownlow was kind with Oliver. Support this ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش... to? 3- What does the underline word "it" refer جر ش ٤ ضض ٤ غ ٤ ذ ذش ج Brownlow? 4- Write down two qualities for Mr أسئهخ انكتبة 1 Where and when does the story take place? 2 Who is the main character? 3 Why is an early incident in the workhouse so important in the novel? 4 What does the reviewer of the book think of Dickens writing style? 5 How does Dickens help the reader to remember all the different characters? 6 How does the reviewer feel about Mr Brownlow? 7 What negative opinion does the reviewer give about the novel?

30 ~31~ Answers: 1 The story takes place in London during the 19 th century. 2 The main character is Oliver Twist. 3 Oliver is persuaded by the older boys to ask for some more food, and because he does this he is punished for it. This event is the cause of many of the following events in the novel. 4 The reviewer thinks that Dickens is a skilled writer because he describes his characters powerfully, and when you are reading you react with strong emotions to the events that happen to the characters. 5 Dickens describes the characters very well, and this helps the reader to keep a vivid picture of each character in their mind. 6 The reviewer likes Mr Brownlow best out of all the characters because he is a kind and generous man who rescues Oliver. 7 The reviewer says that the pace is uneven, which makes it confusing to read at the end.

31 ~31~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض Salah's book Review Theme Effects of the book The Wanderer is one of Gibran Khalil Gibran's masterpieces. I read a lot of books by Gibran and this one(1) is my favourite. It(2) is a collection of 52 short stories which(3) all revolve around the theme of people being unable to communicate well with one another and manage their(4) different emotions. The book contains many moral lessons and pieces of wisdom, which(5) are delivered to the reader through very simple stories. Reading this book was a very relaxing experience. I found myself in this book and felt that it(6) related so much to my daily life. It(7) made me rethink a few things in my life and see them(8) from a different, deeper perspective. It is a good book for one to keep and leaf through every now and then. انزبئ ٢ ئقذ جإلذذجػحش ج ل ٤ س ذ ؾرشج خ ٤ ؾرشج. هشأش ج ػ ٤ ش طد ؾرشج زج ج طحخ ئقذ لنالض ٢. ؿ ػس 52 هقس هق ٤ شز ج ط ٢ ضذ س ق ض أ ج حط ؿ ٤ ش هحدس ٣ ػ ٠ ج ط جف ؾ ٤ ذج غ ذؼن ذؼنح ٣ طذذش ؾحػش ج خط لس. ج طحخ ٣ كط ١ ػ ٠ ج ػ ٤ ش ج ذس ط جألخاله ٤ س ج ك ج ؾ س وحس ١ ء خال هق ذغ ٤ طس ؾذج. هشجءز زج ج طحخ ضؿشذس ش ٣ كس. ؾذش لغ ٢ ك ٢ زج ج طحخ, ؽؼشش أ شضرو ػ ٤ شج ذك ٤ حض ٢ ج ٤ ٤ س. ؾؼ ٢ أػ ٤ ذ ج طل ٤ ش ذرؼل جألؽ ٤ حء ك ٢ ق ٤ حض ٢ أسج ؾ س ظش خط لس ػ ٤ وس. ئ طحخ ؾ ٤ ذ ؽخ ٣ د ج كلحظ ذ ضقلك ذ كظس ج ٥ ذؼذ ي. هقس هق ٤ شز ضكط ١ ع غ س ؾرشج include? 1- How many short stories does Gibran's collection ح ض ج طحخ book? 2-What is the theme of the 3- Write the sentence which shows that the writer asks to keep the wanderer book? ج طد ج ؿ س ج ط ٢ ضؾ ٤ ش ذأ ج حضد ٣ ط د ج كحكظس ػ ٠ طحخ "ج طحت "

32 ~32~ (1) one book (2) it book (3) which 52 short stories (4) their people (5) which moral lessons and pieces of wisdom (6) it this book (7) it this book (8) them things Summary Pronoun refers to (1) his a boy (2) his a boy (3) both a man and a young girl (4) who a man and a young girl (5) who the prisoner - جم غ ضمبئر his) (he, تؼىد ػهى ) )Pip ثبستثىبء انمرلمبد أدوبي. Who supported Pip This is the story of the life of a boy in Victorian England, from his(1) childhood until his(2) adulthood. The story takes place in English countryside and London. As a young boy, Pip meets a man and a young girl, both(3) of who(4) continue to affect his life in different ways. When he grows up, he is given a lot of money, and he goes to London to study, although he does not know where the money has come from. There, he becomes a gentleman and learns more about the world. Eventually, he finds out that the prisoner who(5) he met as a child is paying for his lifestyle, and he also realizes that his family are important, and he decides that he wants to live a simple life, after all. ز ج وقس ق ق ٤ حز ذ ك ٢ ج ؿ طشج, هل ط قط ٠ س ٣ ؼح ؽرحذ. قذغص ج وقس ك ٢ ئقذ أس ٣ حف ج ؿ طشج ذ. طل ف ٤ ش, ثت ٣ وحذ سؾ كطح, ال ح ٣ غط ش ذح طأغ ٤ ش ػ ٠ ق ٤ حز ذد ذطشم خط لس. ػ ذ ح ٣ رش, ٣ ؼط ٠ ج ػ ٤ ش ج ح, ٣ ز د ئ ٠ ذ ذسجعس, ػ ٠ ج شؿ أ ال ٣ ؼشف أ ٣ ضأض ٢ ج و د. حى, ٣ قرف سؾال ر ٤ ال ٣ طؼ ج ػ ٤ ش ق ج ؼح. أخ ٤ شج, ٣ غط طؽ أ ج غؿ ٤ ج ز ١ هحذ هلال ج ز ١ ٣ ذكغ غد ج ؼ ٤ ؼ, ٣ ذسى أ ٣ نح أ ج ؼحت س س, ٣ وشس أ ٣ ؼ ٤ ؼ ق ٤ حز ذغ ٤ طس ذؼذ زج.

33 ~33~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض أ ٣ قذغص ج وقس place? 1- Where did the story take حرج ر د ذ ٤ د ئ ٠ ذ London? 2- Why did Pip go to 3- What does the underlined word "who" refer to?

34 ~34~ Summary (1) it book (2) who Magwitch (3) where London (4) who people (5) who people (6) it novel (7) it novel املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض م حتش himself) (he, him, ضؼ د ػ ٠ Pip Qualities of the novel Values of life Qualities of pip This is my favourite of all Charles Dickens' novels. It is a realistic story that includes comedy and tragedy, reality and fantasy. The book is set in rural England and high society in London. It(1) begins with Pip meeting and helping a man, Magwitch, who(2) will later give him the money he needs to become a gentleman. It follows Pip to London, where(3) he becomes embarrassed by his poor relations and starts spending a lot of money. In the end, he is reminded of the true value of life through experiences such as grief, love and family support. The novel ends happily. The story is told by the main character, Pip. On the one hand, Pip presents himself as an immature character, having a deep desire to improve himself and become a gentleman. This desire leads him to behave badly with people who(4) love him. On the other hand, Pip shows that he is a generous and fascinating character through many acts of kindness that he performs towards the people who(5) love him. ز ج ش ج ٣ س ٢ ح أكن ح ػ ؾ ٤ غ س ج ٣ حش ضؾحس ض ٣ ض. ئ ح هقس جهؼ ٤ س ق ٤ ع ضطن ج ٤ ذ ٣ ح ج طشجؾ ٤ ذ ٣ ح, ج كو ٤ وس ج خ ٤ ح. ج ط ن زج ج طحخ ك ٢ س ٣ ق ج ؿ طشج ج ؿط غ ج شجه ٢ ك ٢ ذ. ذذأ ذ وحذ س ذ ٤ د عحػذز سؾ ٣ ذػ ٠ حؾ ضؼ, ج ز ١ ع ٤ ؼط ٤ ج و د ج ط ٢ ٣ كطحؾ ح ٤ قرف سؾال ر ٤ ال. ٣ القن ذ ٤ د ئ ٠ ذ, ق ٤ ع ٣ ؾؼش ذح كشؼ ذغرد ػالهحض ج ن ٤ وس ٣ رذأ ذقشف ج و د ج ػ ٤ شز. ك ٢ ج ح ٣ س, ٣ ط ضز ٤ ش ذح و ٤ ج كو ٤ و ٤ س ك ٤ حز خال ضؿحسذ ذح كض ج كد دػ ج ؼحت س. ض ط ٢ ج ش ج ٣ س ذح غؼحدز. ج وقس ض ش ذ جعطس أ ؽخق ٤ س, ٢ ذ ٤ د. حق ٤ س, ٣ ػ لغ ؾخق ٤ س ؿ ٤ ش ح ٤ س, ذ ٣ ج شؿرس ذطط ٣ ش لغ ٤ قرف ر ٤ ال. ز ج شؿرس ضو د ئ ٠ ؼح س ج حط ج ز ٣ ٣ كر ذؾ ع ٢ ء. حق ٤ س أخش, ٣ ظ ش ذ ٤ د ذأ ؽخق ٤ س ؾزجذس خال ضقشكحش ػذز ج طق ج ط ٢ حسع ح غ ج حط ج ز ٣ ٣ كر.

35 ~35~ 1- How did the writer describe Charles' novel in paragraph one? ٤ ق فق ج حضد س ج ٣ س ضؾحس ض ك ٢ ج لوشز جأل ٠ 2-What does the underlined "who" refer to? ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش 3- What were the reasons which led Pip to be bad with others? ح ٢ جألعرحخ ج ط ٢ أدش ج ٠ ج ؼح س ج غ ٤ ثس رد غ ج ٥ خش ٣ 4- What does the underlined phrase "This desire" refer to? - حرج ٣ ؼ ٢ ج قط ف... ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش to? 5- What does the underlined "him" refer I would recommend this novel to anyone who likes mysteries and novels set in the past. It(6) is a very sympathetic look at one person's process of growing up. It(7) also makes the important point that money cannot always buy happiness or make someone gentleman. أ د أ أ ف ٢ ذ ز ج ش ج ٣ س ئ ٠ أ ١ ؽخ ٣ كد ج ك س ج ٣ حش ج حم ٢. ئ ح ظشز ػحهل ٤ س ؾذج ػ ٠ ػ ٤ س ؽخ ح. ز ي ضط ح ج ل شز ج ح س ذأ ج و د ٤ غص ٢ دجت ح ضؾطش ١ ج غؼحدز أ ضق غ سؾال ر ٤ ال. 1- What is the theme of the story which appeared in the last paragraph? ح ض ج وقس ج ز ١ ظ ش ك ٢ ج لوشز جألخ ٤ شز 2- What are the properties of the person who should read this novel according to the writer? ح ٤ ضجش ٢ ج ؾخ ج ز ١ ٣ ؿد أ ٣ وشأ ز ج ش ج ٣ س ذح غرس حضد

36 ~36~ (1) which Letters and symbols (2) he Officer (3) he Officer (4) who Louis Braille (5) which The system of raised dots (6) that Six tactile dots (7) it Braille (8) it Braille (9) that Digital talking books Communication, the sharing of information, ideas and thoughts, can take many forms. Before the development of writing, people communicated via smoke signals, cave paintings and drumbeats. The first systems of writing used pictures to convey meaning. Gradually, as language developed alphabets evolved, using letters and symbols which(1) represented sounds. These sounds in turn made up words. The invention of the printing press in the 15 th century led to the first forms of mass media: newspapers and magazines. Until then, it hadn't been possible to reach thousands of readers at the same time. However, only sighted people could access these media. جالضقح, ؾحس س ج ؼ حش, جألك حس ج ؼطوذجش, ق ٤ ع ٣ ذأؽ ح طؼذدز. هر ضط س ج طحذس, ح ج حط ٣ ط جف ػ هش ٣ ن ئؽحسجش ج ذخح, سع حش ج ف ف ش ج طر. أ أ ظ س طحذس ح ذحعطخذج ج ق س و ج ؼ ٠. ضذس ٣ ؿ ٤ ح, غ ضط سش ج س, ؾأش ج كش ف جألذؿذ ٣ س, غطخذ س ج كش ف ج ش ص ج ط ٢ ض ػ أف جش. ز جألف جش ذذ س ح ؽ ص ج حش. جخطشجع آ س ج طرحػس ك ٢ ج وش ج خح ظ ػؾش هحد ئ ٠ أ أؽ ح عحت جإلػال : ج قكق ج ؿالش. هر ر ي ج ك ٤, ٣ ذحإل ح ج ف ئ ٠ آالف ج وشجء ذ لظ ج هص. ػ ٠ قح, كوو ج حط ج رقشز ج ط ٢ جعططحػص ج ذخ ئ ٠ عحت جإلػال.

37 ~37~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض 1- How did people communicate before the invention of writing in the past? ٤ ق ح ج حط ٣ ط جف هر جخطشجع ج طرحػس 2- What did the first systems of writing use? حرج جعطخذ ص أ جأل ظ س ذح طحذس 3- What does the underlined word "which" in paragraph one refer to? ػ ٠ حرج ٣ ؼ د ج ن ٤ ش " which " 4- The writer mentioned two types of media. Write them? Reason for officer's visit This all changed in 1821 CE. It happened when an officer in the military in France was visiting the Royal Institute of the Blind in Paris. He(2) wanted to demonstrate the students a system of dots he (3 )had invented. These dots allowed soldiers to communication without speaking. This method of communication caught the attention of Louis Braille, a young man who(4) was studying at the Institute. After many years of work, Louis Braille had improved and completed the system of raised dots, which(5) became known as Braille. The characters consist of six tactile dots that(6) can form 64 combinations, spelling out letters, numbers and symbols. زج ض ٤ ش ػح قق ػ ذ ص ٣ حسز محذو ذح ؿ ٤ ؼ ذلش غح ج ؼ ذ ج ٢ ل ك ٤ ذرحس ٣ ظ. أسجد أ ٣ ر ٤ ط رس ظح ج وحه ج ط ٢ جخطشػ ح. ز ج وحه ع كص ؿ د أ ٣ ط جف ج د ال. زج أع خ ج ط جف ؾزخ ج طرح ٣ ظ ذش ٣, ؽحخ ح ٣ ذسط ذح ؼ ذ. ذؼذ ج ؼذ ٣ ذ ع جش ج ؼ, ٣ ظ ذش ٣ قغ أ ظح ج وحه ج رحسصز, ق ٤ ع أفركص ؾ س ذحع ذش ٣. ج ش ص ضط عطس وحه ع ق ٤ ع ٣ ح أ ضؾ 64 ؿ ػ, ض ؿثس قش ف, أسهح س ص. 1- What is the importance of the officer's new method of communication? 2- What do Braille system characters consist of? 3- Why did the officer visit the Royal Institute of the Blind in Paris? 4- What does the underlined "He" refer to?

38 ~38~ By 1868 CE, 16 years after Louis Braille's death, blind people all over the world were using Braille every day. It has(7) also been adapted to scripts in different languages. It(8) enables blind people to read books, maps and labels, and even to press buttons in a lift. A wide range of national daily newspapers are available in Braille, too. Nowadays, screen- reading software means that the text on a computer screen can be heard aloud. Digital talking books that (9)simultaneously generate output in Braille are also available. ذك ػح, 1868 ذؼذ 16 ع س كحز ٣ ظ ذش ٣, ج ل ك ٤ ك ٢ ؾ ٤ غ أ كحء ج ؼح ح ج ٣ غطخذ ظح ذش ٣ ٣. أ ٣ نح ض ض ٤ ثط ح ئ ٠ ق ؿ ذ حش خط لس. ص ج ل ك ٤ أ ٣ وشؤ ج ج طد, ج خشجتو ج قوحش قط ٠ ج نو ػ ٠ أصسجس ج قؼذ. ؿ ػس جعؼس ج قكق ج ٤ ٤ س ج ه ٤ س ط كشز ذ س ذش ٣ أ ٣ نح. ج ٥ ذش ح ؽ هشجءز ج ؾحؽس ٣ ؼ ٢ أ ج ػ ٠ ؽحؽس ج كحع خ ٣ ع حػ ح ذق ش شضلغ. ج طد ج حهوس ج شه ٤ س ج ط ٢ ض طؽ ذط جكن خشؾحش أ ٣ نح ط كشز ذ س ذش ٣ 1-What can the blind read through Braille system? 2- When did Louis Braille die? 3- Find a word in the last paragraph which means "happening exactly in the same time? أسئهخ انكزبة 1 What do the underlined words refer to? 2 How did mass media contribute to the invention of Braille? 3 Why do you think soldiers had to communicate without speaking? 4 What makes Braille an official system of communication? 5 How does technology nowadays help blind people communicate? 6 Do you think Braille is a practical way for the blind to communicate? Justify your answer. 7 In your opinion, could there be another way for the blind people to read in the future? Explain. 8 Do you think blind people should be able to go to the same schools as people who can see? Why / Why not?

39 ~39~ Answers 1 He (line 20): the officer; who (line 25): a young man/louis Braille; It (line 34): Braille 2 Mass media contributed to the invention of Braille by provoking the invention of a written raised dot system in order to enable the blind to read newspapers and magazines. 3 Students own answers 4 It is used all over the world. 5 Text on a screen can be heard aloud, and talking books that also have the words in Braille are also available. 6 Suggested answer: I think Braille is practical for blind people because it uses a sense that they have. It could be very slow though, as reading with your fingers might take longer. 7 Suggested answer: I think that, because technology is developing so fast, there will be many more efficient ways for blind people to communicate in the future. 8 Suggested answer: In my opinion, blind people should have the choice to go to the same schools as people who can see. If they want to go, and if they can cope with very little help, they should be given the right so that they can feel like they are leading a normal life.

40 ~41~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض Mohammad Balw - ج غ ظ بئش him) (he, his, رؼ د ػهى Balw) (Mohammad (1) where Saudi Arabian Airlines (2) which 'Meals for the blind' project (3) which projects Mohammad Balw was working as flight attendant when his vision started to get worse. He had to take early retirement form his jobs as a flight attendant at Saudi Arabian Airlines where (1) he had worked for 13 years. During this time, he established the 'meals for the Blind' project, which (2)became famous in 1992 CE. Mohammad was worried about the lack of provision for people with low vision and other sight disabilities, so he decided to start a centre for vision rehabilitation in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The center's services were set up in 2002 CE after Mohammad had received funding from different organisations. ك ذ ذ ٤ ح ٣ ؼ ن ٤ ق ه ٤ شج ػ ذ ح ذذأ ذقش ٣ طنحء. جمطش أ ٣ طوحػذ ر شج ظ ٤ لط ج خط ه ج ؿ ٣ س ج غؼ د ٣ س ن ٤ ق ق ٤ ع ػ ذز 13 ع س. خال زج ج هص, أعظ ؾش ع " ؾرحش ل ك ٤ " ق ٤ ع أفرف ؾ سج ػح ح ك ذ ه ن ق و ج ذػ حط ر ١ ج رقش ج نؼ ٤ ق جإلػحهحش ج رقش ٣ س ز ي هشس أ ٣ رذأ ش ض ضأ ٤ رقش ٣ حش ك ٢ ؾذ ذح غؼ د ٣ س. خذ حش ج ش ض أ ؾأش ػح 2002 ذؼذ أ ض و ٠ ك ذ دػ ظ حش خط لس. 1- What was Mohammad's job? 2- How long did Mohammad work in Saudi Arabia Airlines? 3-What was Mohammad worry about? 4-Who funded Mohammad for the center s services?

41 ~41~ While Mohammad was setting up his centre, Ebsar, lighthouse International trained six professionals to be ready to rehabilitate people with low vision. After Ebsar had been formally recognised, Mohammad began to set up other projects, one of which(3) was the distribution of the Holy Qur'an, in Braille format, throughout the Arab World. ذ ٤ ح ح ك ذ ٣ إعظ ش ض, "إثصبس",هح ص ؾ ؼ ٤ س ج حسز ج ذ ٤ س ذطذس ٣ د 6 كطشك ٤ طأ ٤ ج حط ر ١ ج شؤ ٣ ح ج نؼ ٤ لس. ذؼذ أ طأعغص ئذقحس سع ٤ ح, ذذأ ك ذ ذا ؾحء ؾحس ٣ غ أخش, أقذج ح ض ص ٣ غ ج وشآ ج ش ٣ ذ س ذش ٣ ك ٢ أ كحء ج ه ج ؼشذ ٢. 1- Why did lighthouse International train professionals? 2- What does the underlined word "which" refer to?

42 ~42~ Fifty things to do before you are twelve (1) that a list of activities (2) they children (3) that the amount of time (4) their volunteers (5)which a different type of childhood (6)they many adults (7)she the author Think back to our childhood: playing house, cooking on a campfire and flying a kite. Are these things you had done by the time you were twelve? If not, you've missed out on some important experiences, according to a new report. جسؾغ طل طي: ج ؼد ذح ض, ج طرخ ػ ٠ حس ج شقالش ضط ٤ ش هحتشز سه ٤ س. ز جألؽ ٤ حء ج ط ٢ ػ ط ح ذؼ ش ج ػح ٤ س ػؾش ئرج ٣ جأل ش ز ي, كوذ خغشش ذؼل ج خرشجش ج ح س, ذح غرس طوش ٣ ش. 1- Mention two things people can do in childhood time? 2- What does the underlined word "you" refer to?

43 ~43~ Purpose of the report Volunteer's missions Findings of the report The report contains a list of activities that(1) children should experience so that they(2) learn about how people communicate with each other and with nature. The report has been written to try to limit the amount of time that(3) children are spending indoors and on computer games these days. Volunteers were asked to contribute their (4) favourite childhood memories to the list, and from the 400 suggestions. A short list of fifty was complied. On the list were these activities: Catching fish with a net, eating an apple straight from the tree, looking for treasure on the beach, playing hide and seek, running around in the meadow, exploring rock pools at the seaside. The report says that many adults could remember a different type of childhood: one in which (5)they(6) had more freedom than children do these days. The author of the report says that she(7) and other colleagues felt that children today hadn't been given the chance to experience nature and learn about the world and human relationships in the same way. ج طوش ٣ ش ٣ طن هحت س ج ؾحهحش ج ط ٢ ٣ ؿد ػ ٠ جألهلح أ ٣ ؿشذ ح ٣ طؼ ج ٢ ٤ ق ٣ ط جف ج حط ؼح غ ج طر ٤ ؼس. طد ج طوش ٣ ش كح س ضكذ ٣ ذ ٤ س ج هص ج ط ٢ ٣ ون ٤ ح ج طل دجخ ج ض ػ ٠ أ ؼحخ ج كحع خ ج ٥. ه د طط ػ ٤ ج غح س ذ طحذس ر ش ٣ حش هل ط ج كررس ئ ٠ ج وحت س, 400 جهطشج, هحت س هق ٤ شز خ غ جهطشج ض جكوص. ك ٢ ج وحت س ح ص ز ج ؾحهحش: ف ٤ ذ ج غ ي ذح ؾر س أ ضلحقس رحؽشز ج ؾؿشز ج ركع ػ ض ػ ٠ ج ؾحه ٢ ء, ؼرس ج طخل ٢ ج ركع ج ش ل ك ٢ ج ش ؼ, جعط ؾحف ذشى فخش ٣ س ؾح د ج ركش. ج طوش ٣ ش ٣ و أ ج ؼذ ٣ ذ ج ؾرحخ ضز ش ج ع خط ق ج طل س: ق ٤ ع ح ج ٤. ذ ٣ قش ٣ س أ ػش جألهلح حضرس ج طوش ٣ ش ضو ذأ ح ص ٤ الض ح ؽؼش ج ذأ جألهلح ج ٤ ٣ ؼط ج ج لشفس ٤ ؿشذ ج ج طر ٤ ؼس ٣ طؼ ج ػ ج ؼح ج ؼالهحش جإل غح ٤ س ك ٢ لظ ج طش ٣ وس. 1- What is the aim of the report? 2- There are certain activities for the volunteers to mention. Write two of them?

44 Write two findings of the report? ~44~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض 4- What does the underlined word "which" refer to? أسئهخ انكزبة Read the article again. Decide if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false sentences 1 Playing house, cooking on a campfire and flying a kite are inessential experiences for children. 2 The report was written to encourage children to do more outdoor activities. 3 Children in the past did the same activities as children do now, but they had more freedom. Answers 1 False: Playing house, cooking on a campfire re and flying a kite are important experiences for children. 2 True 3 False: Children in the past did different activities to children now.

45 ~45~ A Humans not alone in using sign language (1) they researchers (2) they researchers (3) that researchers (4) their researchers Place of the study A scientific research project has found that wild chimpanzees use at least 66 gestures to communicate with each other. After researchers had spent time with the animals in Borneo, they(1) studied 120 hours of video they(2) had recorded. They(3) were looking for signs that the animals were using signals to communicate with each other. ؾش ع ذكع ػ ٢ ض ف ئ ٠ أ ج ؾ رح ض ١ ج رش ١ ٣ غطخذ ػ ٠ جاله 66 ئؽحسز طط جف غ ذؼن ح. ذؼذ أ ج ن ٠ ج رحقػ ج هص غ ج ك ٤ ج حش ك ٢ ذ س ٤, دسع ج 120 عحػس ك ٤ ذ ٣ غؿ س. ح ج ٣ ركػ ػ ػال حش ضذ ػ ٠ أ ج ك ٤ ج حش جعطخذ ص ئؽحسجش طط جف غ ذؼن ح. They(4) looked to see if the chimps were looking at each other, in order to be sure that the gestures had a purpose, that is to communicate something. If the animal didn't respond to the gesture, the gesture was made over and over again, until there was a response. The results suggest that there is a common system of communication across the species. سجهر ج ك ٤ ح ئرج ح ج ؾ رح ض ١ ٣ ظش رؼن, ٣ طأ ذ ج ٢ أ جإلؽحسجش ح ذف, أ ١ أ ح ضط حه ؽ ٢ ء. ئرج ج ك ٤ ج ٣ غطؿ ٤ د ئ ٠ جإلؽحسز, ٣ ط ػ جإلؽحسز شز ض جألخش, قط ٠ ض طؽ جعطؿحذس. ج ط ٤ ؿس ض ق ٢ ذأ حى ظح ؾطشى ط جف ذ ٤ أؾ حع ح. 1- How many gestures can wild Chimpanzees use to communicate? 2- What did the researchers look for?

46 ~46~ B Holiday message is 50 years late (1) its Postcard (2) it Postcard (3) which The card (4) he Grandparent (5)he spokesperson A postcard sent from Florida has finally reached its(1) destination in England. It(2) had been posted in 1957 CE! This postcard had been addressed to someone working at an education centre. The building had once been a school. Staff at the education centre have been trying to find the addressee. The card, which(3) appears to have been written by a grandparent, describes a trip to Florida, USA. He(4) wrote that it had rained a bit that day but it was still hot. A spokesperson for the post office said that the postcard had probably been put back in a postbox recently. He(5) said that the mail was never in the sorting office for that length of time. ذطحهس ذش ٣ ذ ٣ س شع س ك س ٣ ذج أخ ٤ شج ضق ح ح ك ٢ ئ ؿ طشج. أسع ص ع س 1957! ز ج رطحهس خحهرص ؽخ ٣ ؼ ك ٢ ش ض ضؼ ٢ ٤. ج ر ٠ ح ذسعس. ظل ك ٢ ج ش ض ج طؼ ٢ ٤ قح ج ئ ٣ ؿحد ج خحهد. ج رطحهس ج ط ٢ ضرذ أ ح طرص هر ؾذ, ضقق سق س ئ ٠ ك س ٣ ذج, ج ش ٣ ح. طد ئ ح أ طشش ه ٤ ال ذز ي ج ٤ ج ؿ ح قحسج. ج طكذظ ذحع طد ج رش ٣ ذ هح أ ج رطحهس ج رش ٣ ذ ٣ س ج أ ح أػ ٤ ذش ئ ٠ ف ذ م ج رش ٣ ذ إخشج. هح أ ج رش ٣ ذ ال ٣ رو ٠ ك ٢ طد ج طق ٤ ق زج ج هص ج ط ٣. 1- Who wrote the postcard? 2- What was the card about? 3- What does the underlined "its" refer to?

47 ~47~ C: Air-mail brings best friends together ؾ ٤ غ ج ن حتش ) her, she )ضؼ د ػ ٠ artist (1)her Laura Buxton (6)it the balloon (2)it a helium-filled balloon (7)it the balloon (3)where the air (8)who the Buxtons (4)it a helium-filled balloon (9)they the buxtons (5)who the man (10)it the balloon Place of writing the name and address In 2001 CE, a girl called Laura Buxton, from Staffordshire, UK, wrote a message with her(1) name and address on a helium-filled balloon. She then sent it(2) into the air, where(3) it(4) disappeared. A few weeks later, the balloon landed nearly 200 kilometres away in southern England. The man who(5) found it(6) took it(7) to his neighbours, the Buxtons, who(8) had a daughter called Laura. They(9) were surprised to learn that it(10) was from another girl with the same name. The two girls got in touch with each other, decided to meet and became best friends. ع س 2001, ذ ص ضذػ ٠ سج ذ غط, عطل سد ؽ ٤ ش, طرص سعح س ذحع ح ػ ج ح ػ ٠ ذح ء ذحص ج ٤ ٤. ذؼذ ح أسع ط ك ٢ ج جء ق ٤ ع جخطل ٠. ذؼذ أعحذ ٤ غ ه ٤ س, رو ج رح هشجذس 200 ٤ طش ذؼ ٤ ذج ؾ خ ج ؿ طشج. ج شؾ ج ز ١ ؾذ ج رح أخز ؿ ٤ شج ج ؼحت س ذ غط ج ط ٢ ح جذطس ضذػ ٠ سج. ج ذ ؾ ج ٤ ؼ ج أ ح كطحز أخش ذ لظ جالع. ض جف ص ج لطحضح ؼح, هشس ج أ ٣ طوحذ ج أفركطح فذ ٣ وط ٤ ق ٤ ط ٤. 1- How far did the balloon land? 2- What was the last relationship with the two girls? 3- What type of gas did the balloon include?

48 ~48~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض D From mobile messaging to published book communication becomes art (1)them First few messages (4)them The contents (2)it Diary (5)them 60 notebooks (3)them The contents (6)her The woman Number of saved messages An artist has kept all her text messages, and after twelve years, she had collected about 100,000 messages. She kept the first few messages because she enjoyed reading them(1) over again- it was like a personal diary. It(2) is also a record of history, covering world events. جقطلظص ك ح س ذ سعحت ح, ذؼذ جغ ٢ ػؾشز ع س, ؾ ؼص ق ج ٢ سعح س, جقطلظص ذأ سعحت ه ٤ س أل ح جعط طؼص ذوشجءض ح ػذز شجش ز شجش ؽخق ٤ س. أ ٣ نح ض ؼذ عؿ ضحس ٣ خ ٢ ضط ٢ أقذجظ ػح ٤ س. Every time a text message arrived, she saved the contents. She wrote them(3) in notebooks when her phone ran out of space to store them(4). She eventually filled more than 60 notebooks. Then she started copying them(5) on to her computer. The woman took her(6) collection to a publisher, and the book has now been published and translated into several languages. ح ف ص سعح س, جقطلظص ذ كط ج ح. طرط ح ك ٢ دكحضش ػ ذ ح ض لز رج شز حضل ح. أخ ٤ شج ثص أ ػش 60 دكطش. ذؼذ ح ذذأش غخ ح ػ ٠ ج كحع خ. أخزش ج شأز ج ؿ ػس ئ ٠ حؽش, ج طحخ أفرف ج ٥ ؾ س طشؾ ئ ٠ ػذز حش. 1- What does the diary record? 2- Where did the woman copy the 60 notebooks? 3- Why did the artist keep the first few messages?

49 ~49~ Read the articles again and answer the questions. أسئهخ انكزبة املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض 1 What do the words in bold refer to? 2 What are the four forms of communication in the four articles? 3 How do chimpanzees communicate with each other, according to the scientists in Borneo? 4 Why did the postcard take such a long time to be delivered? 5 Why did the man in southern England take the balloon that he had found to his neighbours? 6 Why do you think that the book of text messages was published? 7 Our idea of communication has changed dramatically in the last 100 years. How do you think it will change in the next 100 years? 8 Letters are still often sent between friends, even though we can just send an instead. Justify this statement. Answers 1 they (article A, line 5): researchers; its (article B,line 2): a postcard s; it (article C, line 4): a helium-filled balloon; them (article D, line 8): the contents 2 gestures, postcard, written message, mobile phone message 3 They use at least 66 gestures. 4 The postcard had been put in a postbox again recently, so it had probably been left somewhere. 5 The man s neighbours daughter was called Laura Buxton. 6 Suggested answer: I think that the book was published because text messages are seen as completely temporary, and it is an interesting idea to make them into something permanent. 7 Suggested answer: I think that communication will become even easier, and perhaps you will just be able to think of the person you want to send a message to, and a message will be sent. 8 Suggested answer: I think people still send letters because a letter is an object that you can keep. It has sentimental value.

50 ~51~ (1)it (2)his (3)his (4)he (5)this Sign language Charles Michel de L'Epe'e Thomas Braidwood Dr Gallaudet The system Sign language as we know it(1) today originated in 1755 CE, when a Frenchman, Charles Michel de L'Epe'e, started a school for deaf people in Paris. His (2)form of communication consisted of gestures, hand signs and finger spelling. The L'Epe'e system was the first example of French sign language. Around the same time, in 1778 CE in Germany, Samuel Heinicke was working on a system to teach deaf people how to read lips. Meanwhile, in Britain, Thomas Braidwood opened the first school for the deaf in 1783 CE. At that time, students were using his(3) form of sign language. Later, this became British Sign language. In 1816 CE, after he(4) had seen people using sing language in Paris, an American, Dr Gallaudet, introduced the system in the USA. This(5), combined with various gestures that deaf people were still using in the USA at the time, formed American Sign Language. س جإلؽحسز ح ؼشك ح ج ٤ ؾأش ػح, 1755 ػ ذ ح أعظ ج لش غ ٢, ضؾحس ض ح ٣ د ١ ٤ ر ٢, ذسعس ق ك ٢ ذحس ٣ ظ. رؾ الضقح ئ ٣ حءجش, ئؽحسجش ج ٤ ذ ض ؿثس جألفحذغ. ظح ٤ ر ٢ ح أ ػح س جإلؽحسز ج لش غ ٤ س. ذ لظ ج هص,ػح 1778 ذأ ح ٤ ح, ع ت ح ٣ ي ح ٣ ؼ ظح طؼ ٤ ج ق ٤ ل ٤ س هشجءز ج ؾلح. ذ لظ ج هص ك ٢ ذش ٣ طح ٤ ح, ض حط ذش ٣ ذ د جكططف أ ذسعس ق ػح ذز ي ج هص, جعطخذ ج طالخ رؾ س جإلؽحسز. ذؼذ ح, ز أفركص س جإلؽحسز ج رش ٣ طح ٤ س. ك ٢ ػح 1816 ذؼذ أ سأ ج حط جعطخذج س جإلؽحسز ك ٢ ذحس ٣ ظ, د ط س أ ش ٢ ٣ ٣ ذػ ٠ ؿح د ٣ ص هذ ج ظح ك ٢ أ ٤ ش ٣ ح. زج ذ ؽ غ ئ ٣ حءجش ط ػس ح ح ٣ ضج ٣ غطخذ ح ج ق ك ٢ ج ٤ ش ٣ ح ذز ي ج هص, ؽ س جإلؽحسز جأل ش ٤ ٣ س.

51 ~51~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض 1- What forms of communication did Charles start with in the school? 2- What's the name of the first French sign language? 3- There are three sign languages. Mention them? أسئهخ انكزبة 1- Write a definition of sign language using the words ( deaf, system, communicate, gestures sign) in one sentence 2- Which countries introduced sign language in the 18 th century? 3- Do you think sign language is as practical and easy as spoken language? Why/ Why not? 4- Create your own sing language for the following sentence: " I like reading a book before I slept. " Share this sentence with a partner. Did you express it the same way? Answer: ج اة يمزشح 1 Sign language is a system of communication designed for the deaf, which consists of gestures, signs and finger spelling. 2 France, Germany and Britain introduced sign language in the 18th century. 3 Free 4 Free

52 ~52~ Pronouns (1)they A group of five teenagers (5)their A group of five teenagers (2)them A group of five teenagers (6)their A group of five teenagers (3)their Two other teenagers (7)their Every generation (4)they A group of five teenagers (8)it communication A group of five teenagers are meeting in a restaurant. They(1) haven't seen each other for a few weeks because it's the school holidays. Despite this, three of them(2) are texting other friends, and the two others are playing games on their(3) phones. They(4) occasionally stop their(5) phone conversations to chat for a few minutes, but most of their(6) time together is spent in silence. Does this scene sound familiar? Would you rather text than talk face- to- face? If you feel lost without your smartphone, chances are that you're part of the teen technology revolution. ؿ ػ خ ظ ؽرحخ ٣ طوحذ ذ طؼ. ٣ ش ج ذؼن ز أعحذ ٤ غ ه ٤ س ذغرد ج ؼط س ج ذسع ٤ س. سؿ ر ي, غالغس ٣ طشجع غ أفذهحء آخش ٣, جالغ ٤ ج رحه ٤ ٣ ؼرح أ ؼحذح ذ حضل ٤ ح. حدسج ح ٣ هل ج كحدغحض ج حضل ٤ س ٤ ذسدؽ ج ذهحتن ه ٤ س, ؼظ هط ٣ ن ٢ ذق ص. ٣ رذ زج ج ؾ ذ أ كح ضلن ج شجع س أ ػش أ ضطكذظ ؾ ح ؾ ئرج ؽؼشش أ ي محتغ ذذ حضلي ج ز ٢, ك حى كشؿ أ ض ؾضء غ سز ض ؾ ٤ ح ج ؾرحخ. 1- Why haven't the five teenagers seen each other lately? 2- How did they spend most of their time? 3- What does the underlined pronoun "they" refer to?

53 ~53~ Every generation does things differently from their(7) parents, but modern-day teenagers are revolutionizing communication- and it's(8) not all positive. A survey found that 56 per cent of the teenagers asked would still prefer to hold an important conservation faceto- face, rather than on the phone. However, it also sound that spending time on social network websites is now considered to be the same as socializing with friends. The survey found that the main problem with technology and instant messaging is that 'text speak' (words abbreviated to single letters or symbols) has started to encroach upon other areas of their lives. They report accidentally using text speak in face- to- face conversations, in s and even in school essays. So, if you are lucky enough to be part of the technological generation, remember that technology is important, but friends, family and face- to- face conversations should be top of the list. ؾ ٤ ٣ و ذحألؽ ٤ حء ذؾ خط ق ػ آذحت, ؽرحخ ج ٤ ٣ كذغ غ سز ك ٢ جالضقح - ٤ غص ح ج ٣ ؿحذ ٤ س. ئقذ ج ذسجعحش ؾذ أ 65 ذح ثس ج ؾرحخ ج ز ٣ ع ث ج حصج ج ٣ لن ئؾشجء كحدغس س ؾ ؾ, أ ػش ػ ٠ ج حضق. ػ ٠ أ ١ قح, ؾذ أ ٣ نح أ هنحء ج هص ػ ٠ جهغ ؽر حش ج ط جف جالؾط حػ ٢ ٣ ؼطرش ج ٥ لظ ج ط جف - ؾ ح ؾ غ جألفذهحء. ج ذسجعس ؾذش أ ج ؾ س ج شت ٤ غ ٤ س غ ج ط ؾ ٤ ح ج شجع س ج ل س ٣ س ٢ أ " ص انكالو" ( جخطقحس ج حش ئ ٠ أقشف أ س ص لشدز ) ذذأ ٤ طؿح ص ؿحالش أخش ذك ٤ حض. ٣ ط جف فذكس غطخذ ٤ ج ج ال ٢ ك ٢ كحدغحش ؾ ح ؾ, جال ٤ ٣ الش, قط ٠ وحالش ج ذسعس. ز ي ئرج ص كظ ظ ذؾ حك ٢ ط ؾضج ج ؿ ٤ ج ط ؾ ٢, ضز ش ذأ ج ط ؾ ٤ ح س جالفذهحء ج ؼحت س كحدغحض ؾ ح ؾ ٣ ؿد أ ض ك ٢ ه س جأل ٤ حش ك ٢ ج وحت س. 1- Write three means of communication? 2- What kind of conversations which are considered the top of the list? 3- What does the underlined pronoun "their" refer to?

54 ~54~ أسئهخ انكزبة 1- What are the teenagers in paragraph one doing? Why is this surprising? 2- In your own words, explain what the writer means by 'the teen technology revolution.' 3- Does the writer feel that teenagers have the right balance between communicating via technology and talking face-to-face? Explain your answer? 4- What are the main problems that instant messaging has caused? 5- D you agree with the writer recommendation in the last paragraph? Why? / Why not? Answers 1 The teenagers have met up to see each other, but they are not talking; instead they are sitting together at a table, playing on their phones. It is surprising because they have not seen each other for a fairly long time. 2 The writer means that teenagers now have access to the newest technology available, and they are using it in ways particular to teenagers. This means that their most important possession is their mobile phone. 3 The writer says that teenagers have made communication new and different, but that they do not have the right balance between technology and talking face-to-face. He says that they think that socialising face-to-face and communicating on social networks are the same thing. 4 Instant messaging has caused problems such as use in more formal situations like s, essays and face-toface conversations. 5 Suggested answer: I agree with the writer that face-to-face conversations are more important because they help us to remember how to behave in public, and they also help us to feel more connected to the people around us, even more than technology does.

55 ~55~ Grammar Causative انمسججبد)لبػذح طهت انخذمخ( Sub. + Have/get* + Obj. + V3 I asked someone to fix my computer (had). I had my computer fixed. A. Rewrite the following sentences using the causative verb forms (get/have) something انسؤال ان صاسي 2012 done. انخذمخ 1. Go and check your car engine, it s very noisy. Go and. 2. I want to build my new house near my old school. I want. أكمم انجمم انتبن خ ثبستؼمبل لبػذح انسجج خ/طهت. (v3) ىت ز اىسؤاه ف تصح ح اىفؼو ت األقواس : إ وجذ قثو اىفشاؽ أحذ أشناه.) Obj. )have/get, has/gets, had/got, having/getting + صح ح اىفؼو تاستخذا Present simple I paint my house. I have my house painted Past Simple I painted my house. I had my house painted Present Continuous I am painting my house. I am having my house painted Past Continuous I was painting my house. I was having my house painted Present perfect I have painted my house. I have had my house painted Past Perfect I had painted my house. I had had m y house painted Will( modal) I will paint my house. I will have my house painted Must (modal) I must paint my house. I must have my house painted Be going to I'm going to paint my house. I'm going to have my house painted

56 ~56~ 1. Majed didn t repair his computer himself. He had it (repair( 2. Do you like this photograph of our family? We had it by a photographer. (take) 3. Did you plant the trees in your garden yourselves? No, we had them (plant) 4. Rawan didn t type the report herself. She had it (type) 5. Mona didn t write the . She had it (write) 6. Arwa didn t send her dress to the dry-cleaner herself. She had it (send) 7. Manal didn t buy her own English dictionary. She had it (buy) Answers: 1. repaired 2. taken 3. planted 4. typed 5. written 6. sent 7. bought Rewrite the sentences using (Causative) 1. The man asked the porter to take his luggage to his room. The man had He employed a carpenter to build the fence. He had Dad is going to arrange for someone to cut the grass.. 4. I must ask someone to repair my car. (have). 5. He is going to get his friend to take his own photo. (get) 6. My father asked someone to repaint the house. (had).. 7. I am going to ask the builder to repair the roof. I am going to have 8. Rana asked someone to fix my computer. Rana had 9. Omer wanted someone to clean his suit, so he took it to a dry clearer s. Omer wanted. 10. My hair was cut by a hairdresser yesterday, after I asked him. I had

57 ~57~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض لبػذح تىض ح االحتمبالد Must /Can t /(might-could) + have +V3 A. (must have + V3). To talk about things which are almost sure are true: متأكذ ه أن انش ء صح ح 1. They have got two houses and three cars. They must be rich. 2. He knows Jordan really well. He must have lived there in the past. B. can't have + V3). To talk about things which are almost sure are not true: متأكذ ه أن انش ء غ ر صح ح 1. Akram has two houses and three cars. He can't be poor. 2. Rolla can't have been at the supermarket this morning because I didn't see her there. C. (might-could have + V3) When we are unsure whether something is true or not (impossible): غ ر متأكذ ه أن انش ء صح ح أو غ ر صح ح 1. She might be French she has a strange accent. 2. I can't find my pen. I might have left it at school. السؤال الوزاري 2012 B. Write sentences which explain the possibilities of the following situations using the given modal verbs between brackets. أكزت انج م انز ر ظخ االدز بن خ ف ان الف انزبن خ اسزؼ م األفؼبل انشكه خ انز ث األل اط. 1. My neighbors decided to move. I am almost sure that they have bought a new house. (Must have). 2. Khaled s tablet is lost. I am almost sure that he hasn t kept it safely. (Can t have)

58 ~58~ REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING MODAL VERBS AND SUITABLE VERB FORMS: 1. I 'm sure she's relaxing in her room. She. in her room. 2. Perhaps the plane arrived late, and that s why they aren t here. The plane.. late, and that s why they aren t here. 3. I don t believe you failed the exam. You.. the exam. 4. It's possible that Sami doesn t like sport. Sami..sport. 5. I 'm sure Kamal is not 45 yet. Kamal yet. 6. it s possible that he's living in Dubai now. He.. in Dubai now. 7. May be they lied to me about their adventure. They.. to me about their adventure 8. It's quiet probable that Fawzi didn t win the race. Fawzi.the race. 9. It's impossible that Ali will be here on Friday. Ali here on Friday. 10. May be the traffic is heavy. There.a traffic jam. 11. I 'm certain that the book belongs to Sara. The book.. to Sara. 12. I know he didn t see his sister. He.. his sister. 13. it s possible that Hisham doesn t like fish. He...fish. 14. I'm sure she is more mature than her sister - in- law. She. 15. it s possible that my parents are enjoying them selves in Dubai now. My parents I don t believe you decided to quit your present job. You it s quite probable that she didn t make a good impression on his parents She 18. Maybe they love their son more than they are able to show. They 19. I'm sure she is telling us the truth about the accident. She it s possible that Amr visited him in hospital while we were abroad...

59 ~59~ Unit 9 Food Different cultures, different food In Thailand, we ate the strangest fruit, the durian. We had it picked right from the tree. It's a huge tropical fruit with a spiky skin. Its smell so strong that it has been officially forbidden in many public places in Asia! We got it cut open and chopped, and then we ate it raw. In South Africa, we ate a stew made from flowers, which smelt lovely! The flowers grow on top of the water in lakes. We had the flowers cooked with meat and vegetables in a large pot. We also tried raw fish in Peru. It's called ceviche, which is a seafood dish. It is made from fresh raw, marinated in lemon juice. Robert didn't want it served raw at first, but he tried it he loved it as much as I did! In Jordan, where our friend Ramzi lives, we tried the most delicious dish, it's actually Jordan's national fish, mansaf. Its lamb seasoned with aromatic herbs, sometimes lightly species and cooked in yoghurt. It's always served with huge quantities of rice. We had it prepared by Ramzi's mum and it was very delicious! Even though we were full after one dish, she insisted on serving us another, followed by some Arabic sweets, Kunafah. That was typical of the Jordanians' hospitality and generosity. Next time I visit Ramzi, I want my favorite dish prepared the first day I arrive!

60 اسئلة الكتاب 1 What do the underlined words refer to? 2 Why are durians banned in many countries? ~61~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض 3 Do you think a dish made from flowers would taste good? Why / Why not? 4 Why didn t Robert want to try ceviche at first? 5 Steven talks about Jordanian hospitality. Why do you think there is this custom of feeding guests a lot of food? 6 If you don t like the food that a host offers you, what do you think you should do? Why? Answers 1 Its (line 3): the fruit s; which (line 9): the stew; it (line 25): mansaf 2 Durians are banned in many countries because their smell is very strong. 3 Free.. 4 He didn t want to try raw fish. 5 Suggested answer: I think the custom of feeding guests a lot of food comes from ancient traditions when people used to travel long distances and would need to stop and eat at your house. Hospitality and generosity were even more important back then. 6 Suggested answer: I think you should still eat it and appreciate your host s generosity, saying thank you when you finish your food.

61 ~61~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض The history of pizza The earliest form of pizza was invented when soldiers needed food to take with them on long marches. They baked a kind of bread flat on their shields and then covered it with cheese and dates. This early pizza was convenient, healthy food for people who were constantly on the move. The wheat flour base provided energy in the form of carbohydrates, the cheese gave the soldiers calcium, which kept their bones and teeth healthy, and the dates provided protein, fiber and various vitamins and minerals that are necessary to keep the body healthy. Pizza is also mentioned in the 3rd century BCE, when there was written evidence of flat round bread that had olive, herbs and honey on the top. It was baked on hot stones. When people explored the remains of Pompeii, Italy, they found evidence that flat flour cake that was baked and widely eaten there at that time; there was also evidence of the first pizza restaurants in Pompeii in the century CE. Visitors can see the pizza ovens in the ruins even today. In 1522 CE, travelling retuning to Europe from Peru brought beach tomatoes with them. The people of Nepalese added the new tomatoes to their bread, which consisted of flour, oil, salt and yeast, and created the first simple pizza. In 1889CE, the king of Italy and his wife, Queen Marghrita, were on holiday in Nepalese in Italy. They asked a famous pizza chef to com and cook for them. He prepared three kinds of pizza. The queen's favorite's one was the one that had been made with a white cheese called mozzarella, a green herb called basil, and ripe, red

62 ~62~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض tomatoes. These were exactly the colors of the Italian flag. The chef named this pizza in honor of the queen: the Margherita. In the late 19 th century CE, pizza became a popular snack that was sold from stalls on the streets of Nepal. When many Italians immigrated to America in the 19 th century CE, they took the recipe for pizza with them. Its popularity there spread all over the world, and today it is a favorite dish in almost every country. انكزبة اسئهخ 1 What do the underlined words refer to? 2 The text describes five kinds of pizza since its creation. What are they? 3 Do you think the origin of pizza is from Peru, Pompeii or Naples? Justify your answer. 4 Pizzas are not healthy for everyone. Can you suggest why? 5 What would you add to the soldiers pizza to make it even healthier? Why?

63 ~63~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض Unit 10 Who Were The Nabateans? In Petra, Jordan, there lie the remains of a majestic city carved out of the desert rock. This city was the main area inhabited by the Nabateans, who migrated gradually from Arabia during the 6 th century BCE. Originally, they were a nomadic people who choose to settle in various places, such as southern Jordan, the Naqab desert and northern Arabia. There is little known about the lifestyle of the Nabateans, expect that they were important traders in the incent world. They might have traded goods such as spices, gold and animals with civilizations such as China, India and Rom because of their convenient position at a commercial crossroads in the world. Many Roman writers wrote about what the Nabateans culture must have been like, but no one knows for sure. However, they agree that the language of the Nabateans could have been a mixture of Arabic and Aramic. These Roman writers also say that the Nabateans were ruled by the royal family, and that, unlike many cultures in the ancient world, the Nabateans society might not have used slaves. In addition to that, the Nabateans must have been expert engineer because they managed to build complicated water conversation system in the desert terrain. Despite archaeologists' best efforts; there is a limit to what they can tell us about these fascinating people who lived in Jordan such a long time ago. Although it is still difficult to know much, they can't have been illiterate because there are some inscriptions that remain. However, sadly for us, most of the things the Nabateans made and owned have been too easily destroyed by time or lost in the desert.

64 ~64~ اسئهخ انكزبة 1 What do the underlined words refer to? 2 Where did the Nabateans choose to live after emigrating from Arabia? Why do you think they chose to live in these places? 3 What evidence is there to show that the Nabateans were excellent engineers? 4 How was the Nabatean culture different from other ancient cultures? 5 Why do you think no one knows for sure about the culture of the Nabateans? 6 Do you think we will discover more about the Nabateans in the future? If so, why and how? If not, why not? 7 The Nabateans were nomads before they chose to settle in Petra. What reasons can you think of that might have influenced them to settle?

65 ~65~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض The Minoan civilization The Minoan civilization ruled the Mediterranean island of Crete for years, until it was destroyed in 1450BCE. The Minoans built the first paved roads in Europe and introduced running water. They had powerful navy, which might have been why they were such a strong civilization for so long. For many years, people have been trying to find out why this developing civilization might have disappeared. Even after Crete was hit by a large earthquake around 1.700BCE, the Minoans rebuilt their cities. So what caused their civilization to end? Many experts say that the end of the Minoan civilizations might have been caused by the eruption of a volcano on the nearby island of Santorini, almost years ago. However, at Knosssos in Crete, scientists have been examining deposits of ash, marine species, cattle bones and seashells in the soil. How could these deposits have got there? The only answer is that they must have been deposited in Crete by a tsunami. Experts have now pieced together a possible explanation of what might have been happened. They believe that several stumps might have hit the northern and eastern shores of the island, ever thirty minutes due the eruption of the volcano on Santorini. It must have been a terrifying experience for the Minoans living there.

66 اسئلة الكتاب 1 What do the underlined words refer to? ~66~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض 2 How did the Minoans contribute to the development of civilisation? 3 Why is the disappearance of the Minoan civilisation a mystery? 4 What evidence made the experts believe that Crete was hit by tsunamis? 5 If a civilisation from our days disappeared all of a sudden, what kind of evidence do you think it would leave behind it? 6 Would the disappearance of the civilisation mentioned in question 5 above be a mystery for experts hundreds of years later? Why / Why not?

67 ~67~ املصتوى الثاني / الفروع املهنية املصرتكة. شائد دهيمض Linking Words used in Guided Writing أدواخ اىشتط اى ستخذ ح ف انكتبثخ انمىجهخ Punctuations - يجب حفظ مواقع أدوات الربط مع عالمات الترقيم المناسبة. - ك ك االسزؼب خ ث Language )ان ظبئف functions انهغ خ( ف ي ظ ع انكزبثخ/اإل شبء اإلججبسي. - الكتابة ممتعة ومثيرة جدا! ال تنسى التدرب بشكل مستمر على الكتابة الموجهة. _ / -!, ] [ ) ( " "... '? : ;. ػالمبد انترل م Example: رمذ ى أيثهخ Adding information إظبفخ يؼه يبد contrasting ideas إظ بس انز بلط Summarising انخبر خ For example for instance such as like Firstly Secondly... Thirdly lastly/finally moreover as well as then furthermore and In addition to,.also,, too. but on one hand, on the other hand although Nevertheless However Finally to sum up in conclusion to conclude

68 ~68~ انذورح انشتى خ 2016 غبنجب! يب ك ان طه ة ف انسؤال ذؼذ س about Read the information below, and write two sentences about the benefits of studying abroad. - build valuable job skills. - be self- confident - make friends. - understand own and other cultures. Suggested Answer: There are many benefits of studying abroad such as building valuable job skills and being self-confident. In addition to making friends as well as understanding own and other cultures. ومبرج ممترحخ نهكتبثخ انمىجهخ )االججبر خ( استخذ اى ورج اىتاى ارا جاء اىؼ وا اس ا فشدا وتذأ تئحذى اى قذ اخ اىتاى ح: (The main) purpose, (The main) goal, (The main) aim, (The main) target..... is to ,.. and to.. استخذ اى ورج اىتاى ارا اتي اىؼ وا ج غ وتذأ تئحذى اى قذ اخ اىتاى ح: (The main) purposes, (The main) goals, (The main) aims, (The main) targets.. are to.....,. and to.. استخذ اى ورج اىتاى ارا تذأ اىؼ وا تاىني اخ اىج ؼواح ا ا اىني اخ تسثق ت some ىيفؼو اىواقغ ف تذا ح اىج يح ض ف ing There are many. such as... and.... Also,.. استخذ اى ورج اىتاى ادا ما اىؼ وا سؤاه وتذا ت What should happen to What would happen to What will happen to What must happen to غ حزف ػال ح اىسؤاه وحزف What should happen to او ا شاتھھا ا سثق و قو اى وده أ ضا وضؼح ف ھا ح اىؼ وا.... should...,.. and استخذ اى ورج اىتاى ارا ما اىؼ وا سؤاه( تذا تأداج سؤاه تثوػح تفؼو ساػذ) Wh - (do, does, did, am, is, are, was, were, has, have, have)..?..... to......,.. and to. غ حزف ػال ح اىسؤاه وأداج اىسؤاه واىفؼو اى ساػذ اىز ي اداج اىسؤاه استخذ اى ورج اىتاى ارا تذأ اىؼ وا تصفح ثو Adventurous / Successful / Hardworking.. have some qualities such as.. and.... Also,.... حزف.. How ارا تذأ اىؼ وا تسؤاه to How There are many ways.. such as... and.... Also,..

69 ~69~ ك ف تمرن دمبغك brains? How to train How to train brains? - Do puzzles or quizzes. - Read more books. - Study subjects on Internet. Suggested Answer: People can train their brains by different ways such as doing puzzles or quizzes, reading more books as well as studying a subject on the Internet. ال يوجد إجابة نموذجية في هذا السؤال, اإلجابة تختلف من طالب ألخر... ل اػذ,ل ا rules/ laws غ شق ways/ methods ف ائذ benefits إ جبث بد advantages سهج بد disadvantages ده ل solutions أسجبة reasons/ causes الزشادبد suggestions زبئج results يشافك facilities أسمبء جمغ)تذل ػهى انتؼذد(/ مهمخ نسؤال انكتبثخ انمىجهخ! ػم ثبد punishments فش ق differences /contrasts إ جبصاد achievements يشبكم problems رغ شاد changes ي بساد skills يسب بد contributions س بد,خصبئص qualities/ /features ر ص بد recommendations ػ ايم factors How to send the same to several people? Type your . Select the addresses you want to send an to. Press send to many. إجبثخ ممترحخ answer: Suggested There are many ways to send the same to several people; First, typing your . Then selecting the addresses you want to send an to. Finally, pressing send to many. How to pass the exams? (1) Study carefully in details. (2) Answer many questions from the activity book. (3) Ask my teachers the difficult questions. (4) Be quiet and calm during the exams. (5)